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a) \(A=\left(\frac{1}{1-x}+\frac{2}{x+1}-\frac{5-x}{1-x^2}\right):\frac{1-2x}{x^2-1}\) (ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm1\) )
\(=\left(\frac{x+1+2\left(1-x\right)-5+x}{1-x^2}\right):\frac{1-2x}{x^2-1}\)
\(=\left(\frac{x+1+2-2x-5+x}{1-x^2}\right):\frac{1-2x}{x^2-1}\)
\(=\left(\frac{-2}{1-x^2}\right):\frac{1-2x}{x^2-1}\)
\(=\frac{2}{x^2-1}.\frac{x^2-1}{1-2x}=\frac{2}{1-2x}\)
b) Để x nhận giá trị nguyên <=> 2 chia hết cho 1 - 2x
<=> 1-2x thuộc Ư(2) = {1;2;-1;-2}
Nếu 1-2x = 1 thì 2x = 0 => x= 0
Nếu 1-2x = 2 thì 2x = -1 => x = -1/2
Nếu 1-2x = -1 thì 2x = 2 => x =1
Nếu 1-2x = -2 thì 2x = 3 => x = 3/2
Vậy ....
Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)
Khi đó:\(\left(\frac{c}{a-b},\frac{a}{b-c},\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Mặt khác:\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=\frac{c\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}\left(2\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2c^2}{ab}+\frac{2a^2}{bc}+\frac{2b^2}{ac}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Ta có:\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Khi đó:\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2}{abc}\cdot3abc=9\)
\(P=\frac{x\left(x+5\right)+y\left(y+5\right)+2\left(xy-3\right)}{x\left(x+6\right)+y\left(y+6\right)+2xy}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+5x+y^2+5y+2xy-6}{x^2+6x+y^2+6y+2xy}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2+5\left(x+y\right)-6}{\left(x+y\right)^2+6\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+5\right)-6}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+6\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2005\times\left(2005+5\right)-6}{2005\times\left(2005+6\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2005\times2010-6}{2005\times2011}\)
\(=\frac{2004}{2005}\)
1/ Đặt
\(\frac{a}{b^2}=x,\frac{b}{c^2}=y,\frac{c}{a^2}=z,xyz=1\)thì ta có
\(x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz-xy-yz-zx+x+y+z-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1;y=1;z=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b^2}=1;\frac{b}{c^2}=1;\frac{c}{a^2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b^2;b=c^2;c=a^2\)
2/ Đặt
\(ab=x,bc=y,ca=z\) cần tính
\(P=\left(1+\frac{z}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{x}{z}\right)\left(1+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y+z=0\\x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\end{cases}}\)
Xét \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x+y}{x}.\frac{y+z}{y}.\frac{z+x}{z}=\frac{\left(-x\right)\left(-y\right)\left(-z\right)}{xyz}=-1\)
Xét \(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
Câu 1:
\(\frac{x+13}{2000}+\frac{x+12}{2001}+\frac{x+11}{2002}+\frac{x+8052}{2013}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+13}{2000}+\frac{x+12}{2001}+\frac{x+11}{2002}+\frac{x+2013}{2013}+\frac{6039}{2013}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+13}{2000}+\frac{x+12}{2001}+\frac{x+11}{2002}+\frac{x+2013}{2013}+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+13}{2000}+1+\frac{x+12}{2001}+1+\frac{x+11}{2002}+1+\frac{x+2013}{2013}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+2013}{2000}+\frac{x+2013}{2001}+\frac{x+2013}{2002}+\frac{x+2013}{2013}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2013\right)\left(\frac{1}{2000}+\frac{1}{2001}+\frac{1}{2002}+\frac{1}{2013}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2013=0\). Do \(\frac{1}{2000}+\frac{1}{2001}+\frac{1}{2002}+\frac{1}{2013}\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-2013\)
Câu 2:
b)Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Thay \(a=b=c\) vào \(B=a^2+b^2+c^2-\left(a+2b+3c\right)+2017\)
\(B=3a^2-6a+2017=3a^2-6a+3+2014\)
\(=3\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+2014=3\left(a-1\right)^2+2014\ge2014\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=1\)
Lại có \(a=b=c\Rightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vậy \(B_{Min}=2014\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Câu 5:
\(S_n=1^3+2^3+...+n^3=\left[\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Trước hết ta chứng minh \(1^3+2^3+...+n^3=\left(1+2+...+n\right)^2\) (*)
Với \(n=1;n=2\) (*) đúng
Giả sử (*) đúng với n=k khi đó (*) thành:
\(1^3+2^3+...+k^3=\left(1+2+...+k\right)^2\)
Thật vậy giả sử (*) đúng với n=k+1 khi đó (*) thành:
\(1^3+2^3+...+k^3+\left(k+1\right)^3=\left(1+2+...+k+k+1\right)^2\left(1\right)\)
Cần chứng minh \(\left(1\right)\) đúng, mặt khác ta lại có:
\(\left(1+2+...+n\right)^2=\left[\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right]^2=\frac{\left(n^2+n\right)^2}{4}\)
Đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\frac{\left(k^2+k\right)^2}{4}+\left(k+1\right)^3=\frac{\left(k^2+3k+2\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4k^3+12k^2+12k+4=4\left(k+1\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(k+1\right)^3=4\left(k+1\right)^3\)
Theo nguyên lí quy nạp ta có Đpcm
Vậy \(S_n=1^3+2^3+...+n^3=\left(1+2+...+n\right)^2=\left[\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
b)\(A=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)+1\)
\(=\left(n^2+3n\right)\left(n^2+3n+2\right)+1\)
Đặt \(t=n^2+3n\) thì ta có:
\(A=t\left(t+2\right)+1=t^2+2t+1\)
\(=\left(t+1\right)^2=\left(n^2+3n+1\right)^2\) là SCP với mọi \(n\in N\)