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\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
\(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy+bxz+ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{0}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+0=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
Có:
\(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
Có:
\(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{abc}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\left(ayz+bxz+cxy=0\right)\)
\(1.\)
\(a.\)
\(\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2}{x^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{1\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2x^2-2}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{x^3-x^2+3x-3}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{8+2x^2-2+x^3-x^2+3x-3}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3+x^2+3x+3}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2\left(x+1\right)+3\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=x-1\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{x+y}{2\left(x-y\right)}-\dfrac{x-y}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2y^2}{x^2-y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y}{2\left(x-y\right)}-\dfrac{x-y}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}-\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}-\dfrac{x^2-2xy+y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2-x^2+2xy-y^2+4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4xy+4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4y\left(x+y\right)}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2y}{\left(x-y\right)}\)
Tương tự các câu còn lại
2) ta có: \(VT=\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\) và \(VP=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
tính hiệu của cả VT và VP
suy ra: \(\left(ay+bx\right)^2=0\Rightarrow ay=bx\)
vì \(x,y\ne0\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\left(đpcm\right)\)
3)(a2+b2+c2)(x2+y2+z2)=(ax+by+cz)2 (1)
biến đổi đẳng thức (1) thành (ay+bx)2 + (bz-cy)2 +(az-cx)2 =0
\(\Rightarrow\) Đpcm
5) a) Ta có: \(a< b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2< ab+ac\)
Tương tự: \(b^2< ba+bc\)
\(c^2< ca+cb\)
Cộng từng vế các BĐT vừa chứng minh, ta được đpcm
b) Ta có: \(\left(b+c-a\right)\left(b+a-c\right)=b^2-\left(c-a\right)^2\le b^2\)
\(\left(c+a-b\right)\left(c+b-a\right)=c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\le c^2\)
\(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a+c-b\right)=a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2\le a^2\)
Nhân từng vế các BĐT trên, ta được
\(\left[\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\left(a+b-c\right)\right]^2\le\left(abc\right)^2\)
Các biểu thức trong ngoặc vuông đều dương nên ta suy ra đpcm
Bài 5:
a)
Ta có \(a^2+b^2+c^2<2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a(b+c-a)+b(a+c-b)+c(a+b-c)>0\)
Điều này hiển nhiên đúng vì $a,b,c$ là độ dài ba cạnh tam giác nên
\(b+c-a,a+b-c,c+a-b>0\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm:
\((a+b-c)(b+c-a)\leq \left ( \frac{a+b-c+b+c-a}{2} \right )^2=b^2\)
\((a+b-c)(c+a-b)\leq \left (\frac{a+b-c+c+a-b}{2}\right)^2=a^2\)
\((b+c-a)(a+c-b)\leq \left ( \frac{b+c-a+a+c-b}{2} \right )^2=c^2\)
Nhân theo vế :
\(\Rightarrow [(a+b-c)(b+c-a)(c+a-b)]^2\leq a^2b^2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow (a+b-c)(b+c-a)(c+a-b)\leq abc\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
c)
\(a^3+b^3+c^3+2abc< a^2(b+c)+b^2(c+a)+c^2(a+b)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a(ab+ac-a^2-bc)+b(ab+bc-b^2-ac)+c(ca+cb-c^2)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a(a-c)(b-a)+b(b-c)(a-b)+c^2(a+b-c)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)(b-a)(b+a-c)+c^2(b+a-c)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (b+a-c)[c^2-(a-b)^2]>0\)
Điều này hiển nhiên đúng vì $a,b,c$ là độ dài ba cạnh tam giác thì \(b+a>c, c>|a-b|\)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
Bài 1:
Đặt \(\left(\frac{x}{y}; \frac{y}{z}; \frac{z}{x}\right)=(a,b,c)\Rightarrow abc=1\)
Khi đó:
\(A^2+B^2+C^2-ABC=(b+\frac{1}{b})^2+(c+\frac{1}{c})^2+(a+\frac{1}{a})^2-(a+\frac{1}{a})(b+\frac{1}{b})(c+\frac{1}{c})\)
\(=b^2+\frac{1}{b^2}+2+c^2+\frac{1}{c^2}+2+a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+2-(ab+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{1}{ab})(c+\frac{1}{c})\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2})+6-[abc+\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab}\right)+\frac{1}{abc}]\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+6-[1+\left(\frac{abc}{c^2}+\frac{abc}{a^2}+\frac{abc}{b^2}\right)+\left(\frac{a^2}{abc}+\frac{b^2}{abc}+\frac{c^2}{abc}\right)+1]\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+6-[1+(\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{a^2})+(a^2+b^2+c^2)+1]\)
\(=4\)
Câu 2:
Ta có:
\(xy+yz+xz+2xyz=\frac{ab}{(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{bc}{(c+a)(a+b)}+\frac{ac}{(b+c)(a+b)}+\frac{2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{ab(a+b)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{bc(b+c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{ac(a+c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}+\frac{2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+2abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{ab(a+b+c)+bc(b+c+a)+ca(c+a)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{(a+b+c)(ab+bc)+ac(a+c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}=\frac{(c+a)b(a+b+c)+ac(a+c)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{(a+c)[b(a+b+c)+ac]}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}=\frac{(a+c)[b(a+b)+c(a+b)]}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(=\frac{(a+c)(b+c)(a+b)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}=1\)