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a.
\(m_{Ag}=m_{k.tan}=8,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{Zn,Mg}=20-8,7=11,3\left(g\right)\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+24b=11,3\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{8,7}{20}.100=43,5\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24.0,2}{20}.100=24\%\\\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{20}.100=32,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(tổng\right)}=a+b=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4\left(tổng\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(lít\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,3 0,3 0,3
b) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.1}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Mg}=0,3.24=7,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,3.1}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,3.1}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgSO4}=0,3.120=36\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
mFe3O4 = 34.8 / 232 = 0.15 (mol)
nH2 = 8.96 / 22.4 = 0.4 (mol)
Fe3O4 + 4H2 -t0-> 3Fe + 4H2O
Bđ: 0.15.......0.4
Pư: 0.1..........0.4........0.3........0.4
Kt: 0.05.........0............0.3.......0.4
mFe3O4(dư) = 0.05 * 232 = 11.6 (g)
mFe = 0.3 * 56 = 16.8 (g)
VH2O = 0.4 * 22.4 = 8.96 (l)
2Fe + 6H2SO4(đ) => Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
0.3...........0.9.................0.15...........0.45
mH2SO4 = 0.9 * 98 = 88.2 (g)
C% H2SO4 = 88.2 * 100 / 98 = 90 %
VSO2 = 0.45 * 22.4 = 10.08 (l)
mX = 16.8 + 98 - 0.45 * 64 = 86 (g)
C% Fe2(SO4)3 = 0.15 * 400 / 86 * 100% = 69.76%
Câu 13:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:R_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2R+3H_2O\\ Theo.pt:n_{R_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ M_{R_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{0,1}=160\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2R+16.3=160\\ \Leftrightarrow R=56\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow R.là.Fe\\ CTHH:Fe_2O_3\)
Bài 14:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_{4\left(loãng\right)}\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\\ Theo.pt\left(1\right):n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\left(2\right)\\ Theo.pt\left(2\right):n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,125=\dfrac{1}{24}\left(mol\right)\\ m=m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{24}.160=\dfrac{20}{3}\left(g\right)\\ n=n_{Fe}=0,125.56=7\left(g\right)\)
a) Ta có : \(m_{KL}+m_{SO^{2-}_4}=m_{muối}\)
=> \(m_{SO_4^{2-}}=8,25-2,49=5,76\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{SO_4^{2-}}=\dfrac{5,76}{96}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
Mặc khác : \(2H^++SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
=>\(n_{SO_4^{2-}}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,06.98=5,88\left(g\right)\)
b) Bảo toàn nguyên tố H : \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
=> VH2 = 0,06.22,4 = 1,344(lít )
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn\\Fe\\Mg\end{matrix}\right.+H_2SO_4\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ZnSO_4\\FeSO_4\\MgSO_4\end{matrix}\right.+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(m_{SO_4}=8,25-2,49=5,76\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{SO_4}=\dfrac{5,76}{96}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
a, \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,06.98=5,88\left(g\right)\)
b, \(V_{H_2}=0,06.22,4=1,344\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{14,6\%}=100\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=\dfrac{100\cdot11,2\%}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150\cdot9,8\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) H2SO4 còn dư, KOH p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{K_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot174=17,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\cdot98=4,9\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddKOH}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}=250\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{K_2SO_4}=\dfrac{17,4}{250}\cdot100\%=6,96\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4,9}{250}\cdot100\%=1,96\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1:
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{300.19,6\%}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,6}{3}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{3n_{Al}}{2}=\dfrac{3.0,1}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,15=51,3\left(g\right)\\ b,m_{ddsau}=m_{Al}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=2,7+300-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1.2=302,4\left(g\right)\\ c,C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{51,3}{302,4}.100\%\approx16,964\%\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,6-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{302,4}.100\%\approx14,583\%\)
Bài 2:
\(PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Hpt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\1,5a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%\approx69,231\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}\approx100\%-69,231\%\approx30,769\%\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\\ n_{Mg}=a,n_{Na}=b\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ 2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+23b=9,4\\a+0,5b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=b=0,2\\ m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8g\\ m_{Na}=0,2.23=3,6g\\ b.n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5b+a=0,3mol\\ m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{10\%}\cdot100\%=294g\\ c.n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,2mol\\ n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,5n_{Na}=0,1mol\\ m_{MgSO_4}=120.0,2=24g\\ m_{Na_2SO_4}=142.0,1=14,2g\)