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\(P=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{1}{b}\\z=\frac{1}{c}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow xyz=1\Rightarrow P=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(P\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{y+z+x+z+x+y}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Cần cách khác thì nhắn cái
Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)
Khi đó:\(\left(\frac{c}{a-b},\frac{a}{b-c},\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Mặt khác:\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=\frac{c\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}\left(2\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2c^2}{ab}+\frac{2a^2}{bc}+\frac{2b^2}{ac}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Ta có:\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Khi đó:\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2}{abc}\cdot3abc=9\)
câu 1 là :từ a/x + b/y + c/z =0 suy ra (ayz+bxz+cxy)/xyz =0 suy ra ayz+bxz+cxy=0 (1)
vì x/a + y/b + z/c =1 (gt) suy ra (x/a + y/b + z/c )^2 = 1^2 . suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 + 2(xy/ab + yz/bc + xz/ac) =1
suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 + 2[(ayz+bxz+cxy)/abc = 1 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 + z^2/c^2 =1 (đpcm)
a) \(P=\dfrac{2x-4}{x^2-4x+4}-\dfrac{1}{x-2}=\dfrac{2\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{x-2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x-4-\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{x-2}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{x-2}\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne2\) nên với x = 2 thì P không được xác định
\(Q=\dfrac{3x+15}{x^2-9}+\dfrac{1}{x+3}-\dfrac{2}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(x+5\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x+3}-\dfrac{2}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+15+x-3-2\left(x+3\right)}{x^2-9}=\dfrac{2x+6}{x^2-9}=\dfrac{2\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{2}{x-3}\)
Tại x = 2 thì \(Q=\dfrac{2}{2-3}=\dfrac{2}{-1}=-2\)
b) Để P < 0 tức \(\dfrac{1}{x-2}< 0\) mà tứ là 1 > 0
nên để P < 0 thì x - 2 < 0 \(\Leftrightarrow x< 2\)
Vậy x < 2 thì P < 0
c) Để Q nguyên tức \(\dfrac{2}{x-3}\) phải nguyên
mà \(\dfrac{2}{x-3}\) nguyên khi x - 3 \(\inƯ_{\left(2\right)}\)
hay x - 3 \(\in\left\{-2;-1;1;2\right\}\)
Lập bảng :
x - 3 -1 -2 1 2
x 2 1 4 5
Vậy x = \(\left\{1;2;4;5\right\}\) thì Q đạt giá trị nguyên
a) \(\dfrac{20x^3}{11y^2}.\dfrac{55y^5}{15x}=\dfrac{20.5.11.x.x^2.y^2.y^3}{11.3.5.x.y^2}=\dfrac{20x^2y^3}{3}\)
b) \(\dfrac{5x-2}{2xy}-\dfrac{7x-4}{2xy}=\dfrac{5x-2-7x+4}{2xy}=\dfrac{-2x+2}{2xy}=\dfrac{2\left(1-x\right)}{2xy}=\dfrac{1-x}{xy}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{zx}{ca}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\frac{xyc+yza+zxb}{abc}=1\)
Mà \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{yza+zxb+xyc}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow yza+zxb+xyc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
a, x^2 - 2xy + 2y^2 - 2x + 6y + 5 =0
<=> x^2 - 2x(y+1) + y^2 + 2y + 1 + y^2 + 4y + 4 = 0
<=> x^2 - 2x(y+1) + (y+1)^2 + (y+2)^2 =0
<=> (x-y-1)^2 + (y+2)^2 =0
<=> x-y-1 = 0 và y+2 =0
<=> y = -2 => x= -1
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{a^2b^2c^2}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}=2\)