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Đặt: \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
Ta có:
\(S=\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{y}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{z}.\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)}}+\frac{\frac{1}{z}}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{1+x^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{1+y^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{1+z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{xy+yz+zx+x^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{xy+yz+zx+y^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{xy+yz+zx+z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{z}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{z+x}+\frac{y}{z+y}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(1+1+1\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Ta có : \(ab+bc+ca=2abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{1}{b}\\z=\frac{1}{c}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=2\\P=\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^3}+\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{2-x}{8}+\frac{2-x}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{64}}=\frac{3x}{4}\)
Tương tự ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^2}+\frac{2-y}{8}+\frac{2-y}{8}\ge\frac{3y}{4}\\\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}+\frac{2-z}{8}+\frac{2-z}{8}\ge\frac{3z}{8}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P+\frac{12-2\left(x+y+z\right)}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{12}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
Ta có : \(ab+bc+ca=2abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{1}{b}\\z=\frac{1}{c}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=2\\P=\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^3}+\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z^2\right)}\end{cases}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{2-x}{8}+\frac{2-x}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{64}}=\frac{3x}{4}\)
Tương tự ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^2}+\frac{2-y}{8}+\frac{2-y}{8}\ge\frac{3y}{4}\\\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}+\frac{2-z}{8}+\frac{2-z}{8}\ge\frac{3z}{8}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P+\frac{12-2\left(x+y+z\right)}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
Ta có
\(M=\left(1+a\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\left(1+b\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)=2+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+a+b+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\ge2+2+a+b+\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(=4+a+b+\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{a+b}\)
\(\ge4+2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right).\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}\)
\(=4+2\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}=4+3\sqrt{2}\)
Ta có : \(ab+bc+ca=2abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=2\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{1}{b}\\z=\frac{1}{c}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=2\\P=\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}\end{cases}+\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^3}+\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{2-x}{8}+\frac{2-x}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{64}}=\frac{3x}{4}\)
Tương tự ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^2}+\frac{2-y}{8}+\frac{2-y}{8}\ge\frac{3y}{4}\\\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}+\frac{2-z}{8}+\frac{2-z}{8}\ge\frac{3z}{8}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P+\frac{12-2\left(x+y+z\right)}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
Trước hết ta rút gọn D :
\(D=\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{1-\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{1+\sqrt{ab}}\right):\left(1+\frac{a+b+2ab}{1-ab}\right)\)(ĐKXĐ : \(a\ne0,b\ne0,ab\ne1\))
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\right)+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{ab}\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{ab}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\right)}:\frac{1+a+b+ab}{1-ab}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{a}\left(b+1\right)}{1-ab}.\frac{1-ab}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}=\frac{2\sqrt{a}}{a+1}\)
a) Với \(a=\frac{2}{2+\sqrt{3}}=\frac{2\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)}{4-3}=4-2\sqrt{3}=\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\frac{2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}{4-2\sqrt{3}+1}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{5-2\sqrt{3}}\)
b) Ta có : \(\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a+1\ge2\sqrt{a}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\sqrt{a}}{a+1}\le1\)
Suy ra Max D = 1 <=> a = 1
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Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopsi ta có:
\(\left(a^3+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+b\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+b}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3+b}\le\frac{\frac{1}{a}+b}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{a+b^3}\le\frac{\frac{1}{b}+a}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
Khi đó \(\frac{1}{a^3+b}+\frac{1}{b^3+a}\le\frac{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+a+b}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+a+b}{a+b}-\frac{1}{ab}=\frac{a+b+ab\left(a+b\right)-a-b}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại a=b=1
Vậy..................