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\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2y+b^2x}{xy}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2y+b^2x\right)\left(x+y\right)\ge xy\left(a+b\right)^2\Leftrightarrow a^2xy+b^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2xy\ge a^2xy+b^2xy+2abxy\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2-2abxy+b^2x^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a/b = x/y
Giải theo kiểu lớp 8 cho chắc :v
Ta có : \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a^2+3b^2+3c^2}{9}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) ( Đúng )
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh . Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - schwarz dưới dạng engel ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}=\dfrac{a^2}{3}+\dfrac{b^2}{3}+\dfrac{c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Tham khảo ở đây có đủ các cách cho bạn chọn lựa
Từ "Siêu tốc thần sầu" đến "tập thể dục" tha hồ luyện
!!!
https://hoc24.vn/hoi-dap/question/196314.html
For \(a\geq b\geq c>0\) we obtain:
\(\sum_{cyc}\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{3}{2}=\sum_{cyc}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{1}{2}\right)=\sum_{cyc}\frac{a-b}{2(a+b)}\)
\(=\sum_{cyc}\frac{(a-b)(c^2+ab+ac+bc)}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}=\sum_{cyc}\frac{c^2a-c^2b}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}\)
\(=\sum_{cyc}\frac{a^2b-a^2c}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}=\frac{(a-b)(a-c)(b-c)}{2\prod\limits_{cyc}(a+b)}\geq0\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}\ge\dfrac{a}{2b}+\dfrac{b}{2c}+\dfrac{c}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.3=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( BĐT AM - GM )
Dấu " = " khi a = b = c
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Xét hiệu
\(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}-\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{9}-\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac}{9}\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left[3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(3a^2+3b^2+3c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left[\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\) \(\ge0\)
Vậy \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
\(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ac\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
Các phép biến đổi là tương đương suy ra đpcm. \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\frac{a}{a+b}\)>= \(\frac{a}{a+a}\)= \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì a + a >= a + b vì a >= b )
\(\frac{b}{b+c}\) >= \(\frac{b}{b+b}\)= \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì b + b >= b + c vì b >= c )
\(\frac{c}{c+a}\)>= \(\frac{c}{c+c}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì c + c >= c + a vì c>=0 )
Từ 3 điều này suy ra
\(\frac{a}{a+b}\)+ \(\frac{b}{b+c}\)+ \(\frac{c}{c+a}\)>= \(\frac{3}{2}\)
dễ dàng c/m (x+y+z)(1/x+1/y+1/z) \(\ge\) 9,dấu "=" khi x=y=z (*)
a/a+b +b/b+c +c/c+a >= 3/2
<=>(a/b+c + 1) + (b/c+a + 1) + (c/a+b + 1) >= 3/2+1+1+1
<=>(a+b+c)/(b+c) + (a+b+c)/(c+a) + (a+b+c)/(a+b) >= 9/2
<=>2(a+b+c)(1/b+c + 1/c+a + 1/a+b) >= 9/2
<=>[(b+c)+(c+a)+(a+b)](1/b+c + 1/c+a + 1/a+b) >= 9/2 (bđt (*))
Đặt: a + b = x; b + c = y; c + a = z
Thì ta có: x \(\ge\)z \(\ge\)y
Theo đề bài ta có:
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{b}{b+c}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{c}{c+a}-\frac{1}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{z-y}{2x}+\frac{x-z}{2y}+\frac{y-x}{2z}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy^2+yz^2+zx^2-x^2y-y^2z-z^2x\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\left(z-x\right)\ge0\)(1)
Mà ta lại có
\(\hept{\begin{cases}y-x\le0\\z-x\le0\\z-y\ge0\end{cases}}\)nên (1) đúng
\(\Rightarrow\)ĐPCM
Đấu = xảy ra khi x = y = z hay a = b = c
Đặt b+c=m
a+c=n
a+b=p
=>a+b+c =\(\frac{m+n+p}{2}\)
a=\(\frac{n+p-m}{2}\)
b=\(\frac{m+p-n}{2}\)
c=\(\frac{m+n-p}{2}\)
=>\(\frac{n+p-m}{2m}+\frac{m+n-p}{2n}+\frac{m+n-p}{2p}\)
=\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{n}{m}+\frac{m}{n}\right)\) +\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{p}{m}+\frac{m}{p}\right)\) +\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{p}{n}+\frac{n}{p}\right)\) -\(\frac{3}{2}\) \(\ge\) \(\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 2 số \(\frac{n}{m};\frac{m}{n}\) ta được:
Từ chứng minh tiếp ....
Lời giải:
Sử dụng pp biến đổi tương đương:
a) \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4(a^2+b^2)\geq 2(a+b)^2\Leftrightarrow 4(a^2+b^2)\geq 2(a^2+2ab+b^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2)\geq 4ab\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2-2ab)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a-b)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xẩy ra khi $a=b$
c)
\(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\geq \left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\) \(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq (a+b+c)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(b^2-2bc+c^2)+(c^2-2ac+a^2)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
b) \(\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^4\)
Áp dụng 2 lần BĐT phần a: \(\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\right)^2(1)\)
Và: \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\Rightarrow \left(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\right)^2\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^4(2)\)
Từ \((1); (2)\Rightarrow \frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\geq \left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^4\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
=>đpcm