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\(P=\left(\frac{x\sqrt{x}-1}{x-\sqrt{x}}-\frac{x\sqrt{x}+1}{x+\sqrt{x}}\right):\left(\frac{2\left(x-2\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x-1}\right)\)
\(=\left[\frac{\left(x\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}\right)}{\left(x-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}\right)}-\frac{\left(x\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}\right)}{\left(x-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}\right)}\right]:\left[\frac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{x-1}\right]\)
Phương trình tương đương :
\(=\frac{2x^2-2x}{x^2-x}:\frac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=2:\frac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}+1}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
a ) \(ĐKXĐ:x\ge0;x\ne1\)
= \(\frac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{x+1}:\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\right]-1\)
\(=\frac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{x+1}:\frac{x+1-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-1\)
\(=\frac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{x+1}:\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-1\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+1+\sqrt{x}\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}-1\)
\(=\frac{x+1+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}-1=\frac{x+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
B ) Ta có :
\(Q=P-\sqrt{x}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\sqrt{x}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{\sqrt{x}-1}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+3}{\sqrt{x}-1}=1+\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
Đế Q nhận giá trị nguyên thì \(1+\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}-1}\in Z\left(vì1\in Z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}-1\inƯ\left(3\right)\)
Ta có bảng sau :
| \(\sqrt{x}-1\) | 3 | -3 | 1 | -1 |
| \(\sqrt{x}\) | 4 | -2 | 2 | 0 |
| \(x\) | 16(t/m) | 4(t/m) | 0(t/m) |
Vậy để biểu thức \(Q=P-\sqrt{x}\) nhận giá trị nguyên thì \(x\in\left\{16;4;0\right\}\)
\(A=1-\left(\frac{2}{1+2\sqrt{x}}-\frac{5\sqrt{x}}{4x-1}-\frac{1}{1-2\sqrt{x}}\right):\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{4x+4\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=1-\left(\frac{2\left(1-2\sqrt{x}\right)+5\sqrt{x}-1-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(1+2\sqrt{x}\right)\left(1-2\sqrt{x}\right)}\right):\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(1+2\sqrt{x}\right)^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{\left(1+2\sqrt{x}\right)\left(1-2\sqrt{x}\right)}.\frac{\left(1+2\sqrt{x}\right)^2}{\sqrt{x}-1}=1-\frac{1+2\sqrt{x}}{1-2\sqrt{x}}=2-\frac{2}{1-2\sqrt{x}}\)
để A là số nguyên thì \(1-2\sqrt{x}\) là ước của 2 khi đó ta tìm được \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=1\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\left(\frac{1}{1-\sqrt{x}}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{x}}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{x}\right)}.\frac{-\left(1-\sqrt{x}\right)}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\frac{-2}{1+\sqrt{x}}\)
b)
Để \(A\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\sqrt{x}\inƯ\left(-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3\right\}\)mà \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{1;0\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;1\right\}\)