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1) \(2x=3y=5z\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{10}=\frac{z}{6}=\frac{x-2y}{15-2\cdot10}=\frac{x-2y}{-5}\)
*TH1: Nếu x-2y = 5
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{10}=\frac{z}{6}=\frac{5}{-5}=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-15\\y=-10\\z=-6\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow3x-2z=3\left(-15\right)-2\cdot6=-45-12=-57\)
*TH2: Nếu x-2y = -5
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{15}=\frac{y}{10}=\frac{z}{6}=1\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=15\\y=10\\z=6\end{cases}\Rightarrow3x-2z=3\cdot15-2\cdot6=45-12=33}\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của 3x - 2z là -57.
2)\(B=\frac{x^2+15}{x^2+3}=1+\frac{12}{x^2+3}\le1+\frac{12}{3}=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 0.
Ta có \(x+y+z=1\Rightarrow x+y=1-z,\) ta có:
\(\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{xy+z}}=\frac{1-z}{\sqrt{xy+1-x-y}}=\frac{1-z}{\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)}}\)
\(\frac{y+z}{\sqrt{yz+x}}=\frac{1-x}{\sqrt{yz+1-y-z}}=\frac{1-x}{\sqrt{\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)}}\)
\(\frac{z+x}{\sqrt{zx+y}}=\frac{1-y}{\sqrt{zx+1-x-z}}=\frac{1-y}{\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)\left(1-z\right)}}\)
Khi đó \(P=\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{xy+z}}+\frac{y+z}{\sqrt{yz+x}}+\frac{z+x}{\sqrt{zx+y}}=\frac{1-z}{\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)}}+\frac{1-x}{\sqrt{\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)}}+\frac{1-y}{\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)\left(1-z\right)}}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1-z}{\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)}\times\frac{1-x}{\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)}\times\frac{1-y}{\left(1-x\right)\left(1-z\right)}}=3\)
Vậy \(MinP=3\) đạt được khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{\sqrt{xy+z}}+\dfrac{y+z}{\sqrt{yz+x}}+\dfrac{z+x}{\sqrt{xz+y}}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{\sqrt{xy+\left(x+y+z\right)z}}+\dfrac{y+z}{\sqrt{yz+\left(x+y+z\right)x}}+\dfrac{x+z}{\sqrt{zx+\left(x+y+z\right)y}}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{\sqrt{xy+xz+yz+z^2}}+\dfrac{y+z}{\sqrt{yz+x^2+xy+xz}}+\dfrac{x+z}{\sqrt{xz+xy+y^2+yz}}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\dfrac{y+z}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\dfrac{x+z}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(y+z\right)^2\left(x+z\right)^2}}}=3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)