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Ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+2.\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}\ge0\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge\dfrac{2a}{c}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a}\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{2c}{b}\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1)(2)(3) cộng vế theo vế ta được:
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}\)
\(9x^2-12xy+16y^2\)
\(=\left(3x\right)^2-2.\left(3x\right)\left(4y\right)+\left(4y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x-4y\right)^2\)
\(P=\frac{x^2}{4}+x^2+1=\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^2+2.x^2.\frac{1}{2}+1=\left(\frac{x}{2}+1\right)^2\)
2, a, \(9x^2-12x+9=\left(3x\right)^2-2.3.x.3+3^2=\left(3x-3\right)^2\ge0\)