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a) A = 2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2100
2A = 22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 2101
2A - A = (22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 2101) - (2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2100)
A = 2101 - 2
b) B = 1 + 3 + 32 + ... + 3255
3B = 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 3256
3B - B = (3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 3256) - (1 + 3 + 32 + ... + 3255)
2B = 3256 - 1
B = \(\frac{3^{256}-1}{2}\)
c) C = 1 + 4 + 42 + ... + 4100
4C = 4 + 42 + 43 + ... + 4101
4C - C = (4 + 42 + 43 + ... + 4101) - (1 + 4 + 42 + ... + 4100)
3C = 4101 - 1
C = \(\frac{4^{101}-1}{3}\)
d) D = 1 + 5 + 52 + ... + 51000
5D = 5 + 52 + 53 + ... + 51001
5D - D = (5 + 52 + 53 + ... + 51001) - (1 + 5 + 52 + ... + 51000)
4D = 51001 - 1
D = \(\frac{5^{1001}-1}{4}\)
\(A=1+2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{11}\)
\(A=\left(1+2\right)+\left(2^2+2^3\right)+...+\left(2^{10}+2^{11}\right)\)
\(A=3+2^2\left(1+2\right)+...+2^{10}\left(1+2\right)\)
\(A=3+2^2.3+...+2^{10}.3\)
\(A=3\left(1+2^2+...+2^{10}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A⋮3\)
Vậy \(A⋮3\)
!!!
\(\frac{B}{A}=\frac{\frac{1}{99}+\frac{2}{98}+\frac{3}{97}+...+\frac{99}{1}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}}\)
\(\frac{B}{A}=\frac{1+\left[\frac{1}{99}+1\right]+\left[\frac{2}{98}+1\right]+\left[\frac{3}{97}+1\right]+...+\left[\frac{98}{2}+1\right]}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}}\)
\(\frac{B}{A}=\frac{\frac{100}{100}+\frac{100}{99}+\frac{100}{98}+\frac{100}{97}+...+\frac{100}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}}\)
\(\frac{B}{A}=\frac{100\cdot\left[\frac{1}{100}+\frac{1}{99}+\frac{1}{98}+...+\frac{1}{2}\right]}{\left[\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right]}=100\)
Vậy : \(\frac{B}{A}=100\)
Ta có:
\(B=\frac{1}{99}+\frac{2}{98}+...+\frac{99}{1}\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{99}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2}{98}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{98}{2}\right)+1\)
\(=\frac{100}{99}+\frac{100}{98}+...+\frac{100}{2}+\frac{100}{100}\)
\(=100\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{99}+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=100.A\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{B}{A}=100\)
A = 1 - 2 + 3 - 4 +...+ 43 - 44 + 45
=> A = (1 - 2) + (3 - 4) +....+ (43 - 44) + 45
=> A = -1 + (-1) +....+ (-1) + 45
=> A = (-1).22 + 45
=> A = -22 + 45
=> A = 23
20 vì :
Khi - cộng thì 2 số có cùng một tích
Vậy thì ra thôi
Ta có:
\(A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}+...+\frac{100}{3^{100}}+\frac{101}{3^{101}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot A=3\cdot\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}+...+\frac{100}{3^{100}}+\frac{101}{3^{101}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot A=3\cdot\frac{1}{3}+3\cdot\frac{2}{3^2}+3\cdot\frac{3}{3^3}+...+3\cdot\frac{100}{3^{100}}+3\cdot\frac{101}{3^{101}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot A=1+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}+...+\frac{100}{3^{99}}+\frac{101}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot A-A=\left(1+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}+...+\frac{100}{3^{99}}+\frac{101}{3^{100}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}+...+\frac{100}{3^{100}}+\frac{101}{3^{101}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\cdot A=1+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}+...+\frac{100}{3^{99}}+\frac{101}{3^{100}}-\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3^2}-\frac{3}{3^3}-...-\frac{100}{3^{100}}-\frac{101}{3^{101}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\cdot A=1+\left(\frac{2}{3}-\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{3}{3^2}-\frac{2}{3^2}\right)+...+\left(\frac{101}{3^{100}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\right)-\frac{101}{3^{101}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\cdot A=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{100}}-\frac{101}{3^{101}}\)
Khi đặt \(S=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{100}}\) thì ta sẽ có 2 điều:
- Điều 1: Khi đó:
\(2\cdot A=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{100}}-\frac{101}{3^{101}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\cdot A=S-\frac{101}{3^{101}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\cdot A< S\) ( 1 )
Điều 2: Khi đó:
\(S=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot S=3\cdot\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{100}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot S=3\cdot1+3\cdot\frac{1}{3}+3\cdot\frac{1}{3^2}+...+3\cdot\frac{1}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot S=3+1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3\cdot S-S=\left(3+1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{100}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\cdot S=3+1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}-1-\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3^2}-...-\frac{1}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\cdot S=3+\left(1-1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}\right)-\frac{1}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\cdot S=3+0+0+0+...+0-\frac{1}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\cdot S=3-\frac{1}{3^{100}}\)
Do \(3-\frac{1}{3^{100}}< 3\) nên:
\(\Rightarrow2\cdot S< 3\)
\(\Rightarrow S< \frac{3}{2}\) ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ), theo tính chất bắc cầu suy ra:
\(2\cdot A< \frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{3}{2}:2\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{3}{2\cdot2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{3}{4}\) ( đpcm )