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Đặt x,y, z lần lượt là số mol của Na,Al,Mg trong m gam hỗn hợp A
m gam A + H2O dư
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
x--------------------x--------->0,5x
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
x<------x-------------------------------------->1,5x
=> \(0,5x+1,5x=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) (1)
2m gam A + NaOH
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
2x------------------------------->x
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
2y---------------------------------------------->3y
=> \(x+3y=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) (2)
3m gam A + HCl
\(Na+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
3x--------------------------->1,5x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
3y----------------------------->4,5y
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
3z----------------------------->3z
=> \(1,5x+4,5y+3z=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\) (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) =>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=\dfrac{7}{60}\\z=\dfrac{2}{15}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(m_{Na}=0,05.23=1,15\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{7}{60}.27=3,15\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2}{15}.24=3,2\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m=1,15+3,15+3,2=7,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{1,15}{7,5}.100=15,33\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{3,15}{7,5}.100=42\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,2}{7,5}.100=42,67\%\)
\(2Na+2H2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H2\left(1\right)\)
\(2Al+2NaOH+2H2O\rightarrow2NaAlO2+3H2\left(2\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl3+3H2\left(3\right)\)
\(2Na+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H2\left(4\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl2+H2\left(5\right)\)
\(n_{H2\left(1\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Na}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{Na}=4,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2\left(2\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=7,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(3\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2\left(4\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Na}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2\left(5\right)}=1-0,4-0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=12\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=12+4,6+7,2=23,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23,8}.100\%=19,33\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{7,2}{23,8}.100\%=30,25\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=100-19,33-30,25=50,42\%\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2
a..............................a(mol)
Fe+2HCl->FeCl2+H2
b............................b(mol)
=>nCu=3,2/64=0,05mol
=>%mCu=(3,2.100%)/11,2=28,6%
\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=11,2-3,2\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>mMg=24.0,1=2,4g=>%Mg=(2,4.100%)/11,2=21,4%
=>%Fe=100%-21,4%-28,6%=50%
b, MgCl2+2NaOH->Mg(OH)2+2NaCL
FeCl2+2NaOH->Fe(OH)2+2NaCl
=>m(kết tủa)=mMg(OH)2+mFe(OH)2
=0,1(58+90)=14,8g
a) mCu= m(k tan)= 3,2(g)
=> m(Mg, Fe)= 11,2- 3,2=8(g)
nH2= 4,48/22,4=0,2(mol)
PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
a______________2a__a______a(mol)
Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
b____2b_____b_____b(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=8\\a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> %mMg= (2,4/11,2).100=21,429%
%mFe= (5,6/11,2).100=50%
=>%mCu= (3,2/11,2).100=28,571%
b/ MgCl2 + 2 NaOH -> Mg(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
0,1___________________0,1(mol)
FeCl2 + 2 NaOH -> Fe(OH)2 +2 NaCl
0,1__________________0,1(mol)
m(kt)=mMg(OH)2 + mFe(OH)2= 58.0,1+ 90.0,1= 14,8(g)
Bắt đầu xuất hiện kết tủa nghĩa là: NaOH đầu tiên sẽ trung hòa HCl dư trước
NaOH + HCldư → NaCl + H2O
0,2 ←0,2
→ 2V1 = 0,2 → V1 = 0,1
Đến khi kết tủa không thay đổi khối lượng thì khi đó kết tủa bị hòa tan hết.
3NaOH + AlCl3 → 3NaCl + Al(OH)3↓
3x ←x → x
NaOH + Al(OH)3 → NaAlO2 + 2H2O
x ←x
→ 0,2 + 4x = 0,6.2 → x = 0,25
=> y = 0,025
=> m = 17,75g
a)
Gọi $n_{Al} = a(mol); n_{Fe} = b(mol)$
$2Al + 2NaOH + 2H_2O \to 2NaAlO_2 + 3H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = 1,5a = \dfrac{9,6}{32} = 0,3 \Rightarrow a = 0,2(mol)$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = 0,4 \Rightarrow b = 0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m = 0,2.27 + 0,1.56 = 11(gam)$
b)
$AlCl_3 + 3NaOH \to Al(OH)_3 + 3NaCl$
$Al(OH)_3 + NaOH \to NaAlO_2 + 2H_2O$
$FeCl_2 + 2NaOH \to Fe(OH)_2 + 2NaCl$
$n_{Fe(OH)_2} = n_{Fe} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{Fe(OH)_2} = 0,1.90 = 9(gam)$