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27 tháng 7

1 until => and

2 to go => going

3 me => I

4 bored => boring

5 dry => dries

more faster => faster

6 makes => takes

7 to lock => locking

8 mean => means

9 hear => heard

10 ban => banning

27 tháng 7

1 will feel => feel

2 to go => going

3 me => I

4 bored => boring

5 more faster => faster

9 tháng 4 2020

The ladies' club always had a (1)…meeting .every Friday afternoon and someone came to talk to them about important things. After that they had (2)…cookies…….and asked questions.
One Friday, a (3)...man………….came and talked to the club about (4)……food….. "There is not (5)……enough....food in the world for everybody", he said. " More than (6)…half….the people in the world are hungry. And when they get more food, they have more (7)..energy….so they never stop being hungry. Somewhere in the world, a woman is (8)..having….a baby every minute, day and night. What are we going to do about it ?" He waited for a few (9)..moments(seconds/minutes)….before he continued, but before he began to speak again, one of the ladies said, " Well, why don't we find that woman and (10)K I L L…….her ?"

23 tháng 4 2020

The ladies' club always had a (1) meeting every Friday afternoon and someone came to talk to them about important things. After that they had(2) tea and asked questions.One Friday, a (3) gentleman came and talked to the club about(4) food "There is not (5) enough food in the world for everybody", hesaid. " More than (6) half the people in the world are hungry. And when they getmore food, they have more (7) babies so they never stop being hungry.Somewhere in the world, a woman is (8) having a baby every minute, day andnight. What are we going to do about it ?" He waited for a few (9) seconds before hecontinued, but before he began to speak again, one of the ladies said, " Well, why don't we find that woman and (10) stop her ? "

Put the correct form of either "can" or "be able to" for each sentence. Only use "be able to" if absolutely necessary!1. I haven't ___concentrate recently at work. I don't know what it is.2. My brother ___ cook very well. He is a chef in a French restaurant.3. When he was only 2, my friend Lee ___speak quite well.4. I have to go to a business dinner tomorrow night so I___ (not) come to the party. I'm very sorry.5. Kevin lived in Italy for six years, so he must ___ speak Italian quite well. He...
Đọc tiếp

Put the correct form of either "can" or "be able to" for each sentence. Only use "be able to" if absolutely necessary!

1. I haven't ___concentrate recently at work. I don't know what it is.

2. My brother ___ cook very well. He is a chef in a French restaurant.

3. When he was only 2, my friend Lee ___speak quite well.

4. I have to go to a business dinner tomorrow night so I___ (not) come to the party. I'm very sorry.

5. Kevin lived in Italy for six years, so he must ___ speak Italian quite well. He will help you with your homework.

6. This telephone is terrible. I ___(not) hear you at all.

7. When the car drove into the lake, one of the passengers ___ (not) open the door and had to be rescued.

8. Despite the arrival of the storm, they ___finish the football match.

9. When I was very young, I used to ___touch my toes, but I can't now!!

10. The house was totally empty all day yesterday and I ___finish that book I was reading.

11. My mother tells me that her grandfather was one of the best musicians of his time in the city and ___ play the piano like a professional.

12. I hope to ___ speak English very well after this course finishes.

1
19 tháng 4 2018

di xi em

Give a correct form of the verbs. 1/My uncle (not visit) us since he (move) to the new town. 2/You should practice (speak) English every day. 3/It (get) hotter and hotter in June. 4/The movie (start) at 8.15 this evening. 5/We (already) the first semester exams. 6/Mr.Binh (learn) Chinese at school, but he (forget) most of it. 7/We (have) a party next Sunday. Would you like (come)? 8/The weather (become) colder and colder in December. 9/I (not go) out this evening. I (stay) at...
Đọc tiếp

Give a correct form of the verbs.

1/My uncle (not visit) us since he (move) to the new town.

2/You should practice (speak) English every day.

3/It (get) hotter and hotter in June.

4/The movie (start) at 8.15 this evening.

5/We (already) the first semester exams.

6/Mr.Binh (learn) Chinese at school, but he (forget) most of it.

7/We (have) a party next Sunday. Would you like (come)?

8/The weather (become) colder and colder in December.

9/I (not go) out this evening. I (stay) at home.

10/The film (begin) at 7.30 or 8.00?

11/You (be) away?-Yes. I (go) to the country last Sunday.

12/They just (phone) to say that they (not come) back till Friday night.

13/How long you (know) Mrs.Chi?-I (know) her for 5 years.

14/We (not see) her since we (be) on holiday in Ha Long Bay.

15/Phuong (not finish) her homework yet.

16/Would you like some coffee? I just (make) some.

17/She (feed) the cat yet?-Yes, she (feed) it half an hour ago.

18/A:Where you (go)?

B:I (go) to the school library. Would you like (go) with me?

A:Yes. Let's go.

19/My father (be) a kind-heater man. He (love) books. He has spent a lot of time on (read) books.

20/Mr.Green always (go) to work by bus.

21/I (post) the letter a month ago. I wonder why she (not reply) yet.

22/The children prefer (watch) to (read).

1
7 tháng 5 2017

Give a correct form of the verbs.

1/My uncle (not visit) HASN'T VISITED us since he (move) MOVED to the new town.

2/You should practice SPEAKING(speak) English every day.

3/It (get) IS GETTING hotter and hotter in June.

4/The movie (start) STARTS at 8.15 this evening.

5/We (already) HAS ALREADY HAD the first semester exams.

6/Mr.Binh (learn)LEARNTChinese at school, but he (forget)FORGETS most of it.

7/We (have) WILL HAVE A party next Sunday. Would you like TO COME (come)?

8/The weather (become) IS BECOMING colder and colder in December.

9/I (not go) WON'T GO out this evening. I (stay) WILL STAY at home.

10/DOES The film (begin) BEGIN at 7.30 or 8.00?

11/WERE You (be) away?-Yes. I WENT(go) to the country last Sunday.

12/They HAVE just (phone) PHONED to say that they WON'T COME (not come) back till Friday night.

13/How long HAVE you KNOWN (know) Mrs.Chi?-I (know) HAVE KNOWN her for 5 years.

14/We (not see) HAVEN'T SEEN her since we (be) WERE ON holiday in Ha Long Bay.

15/Phuong (not finish) HASN'T FINISHED her homework yet.

16/Would you like some coffee? I just (make) HAVE MADE some.

17/HAS She (feed)FED the cat yet?-Yes, she (feed) FED it half an hour ago.

18/A:Where ARE you GOING (go)?

B:I (go) AM GOING to the school library. Would you like (go)TO GO with me?

A:Yes. Let's go.

19/My father (be) IS a kind-heater man. He (love)LOVES books. He has spent a lot of time on (read) READING books.

20/Mr.Green always GOES (go) to work by bus.

21/I (post) POSTthe letter a month ago. I wonder why she HASN'T REPLIED (not reply) yet.

22/The children prefer WATCHING (watch) to READING(read).

1) Complete the email with the past simple or past continuous of these verbs. You will need to use some words more than once.DECIDE    GET   GIVE   GO   HAPPEN   NOT HURT   PLAY   TRY    WANTLast weekend Ben and I visited that new leisure centre that everyone iss talking about. We 1).......... to the ice-skating rink first. Ben slipped a few times while he 2)........... to do acrobatic tricks, but luckilu he 3)......... himself. After that, we went to the main hall to see what 4)........ there....
Đọc tiếp

1) Complete the email with the past simple or past continuous of these verbs. You will need to use some words more than once.

DECIDE    GET   GIVE   GO   HAPPEN   NOT HURT   PLAY   TRY    WANT

Last weekend Ben and I visited that new leisure centre that everyone iss talking about. We 1).......... to the ice-skating rink first. Ben slipped a few times while he 2)........... to do acrobatic tricks, but luckilu he 3)......... himself. After that, we went to the main hall to see what 4)........ there. On one side of the hall a rock band 5)........... while on the other side some kateboarders 6)........... a display. The skateboarders were fantastic so we 7)......... to stay and watch them. After the exhibition, we both 8)......... to go to the shops inside the centre. But it was nearly rush hour and the shops 9)........ really crowded so we 10) ...........to the multiplex cinema to see The llusionist. What a fantastic film!

GIÚP VỚI Ạ!

1
21 tháng 8 2019

1,went

2,was trying

3,didn't hurt 

4,was happening

5,was playing

6,

7,decided

8,wanted

9,went 

10went,

*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:1. She (go) to school everyday.2. Bad students never (work) hard.3. It often (rain) in summer. It (rain) now.4. He (not have) any car.5. What you often (do) in the morning?6. She and I (like) (watching) TV very much.7. Where she (go)? – she (go) to the theatre.*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:1. My parents (go)………………………….to visit my grandfather weekly.2. Le Tam (want) ……………..………to be a...
Đọc tiếp

*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. She (go) to school everyday.
2. Bad students never (work) hard.
3. It often (rain) in summer. It (rain) now.
4. He (not have) any car.
5. What you often (do) in the morning?
6. She and I (like) (watching) TV very much.
7. Where she (go)? – she (go) to the theatre.
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. My parents (go)………………………….to visit my grandfather weekly.
2. Le Tam (want) ……………..………to be a teacher after he (leave)…………………….... school.
3. There are lots of gray clouds in the sky. It (rain)……………..…………
4. You (sleep) …………………….…..? Wake up and study your lesson. The exam (come)…
………….……….near.
5. What they (do)………………………….in the living room at the moment? They
(watch)……....................................TV?
- No, they (play)…………………….…..chess.
6. Mary can’t answer the phone now because she (have)…………………………..a bath.
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. My mother often (1- go) to the market every morning but she (2- not go) this morning.
2. Where (3- be) your brother?
- He (4-read) in his room.
3. You (5- like) this skirt? I (6- give) it to my daughter for her birthday tomorrow.
4. Look! The plane (7- fly) toward the airport. It (8- land).
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. Every evening my father (watch)............................. television. 2. We (not/
read)............................. books after lunch.
3. Tom (be)........................ my friend. He (play)...................... sports everyday.
4. (your students/ play)................................................. soccer every afternoon?
5. Where (your children/ be) ........................................................? - They’re upstairs. They (play)
........................................ video games.
6. What (you/ do)................................... now? - I (unload)........................... the vegetables.
7. (Nam/ work).............................................. in the garden at the moment?
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. The sun (set) ………………………………………in the West.
2. It usually (rain) ………………………………in the summer.
3. They (build) …………………………………….
4. Bees (make) …………………………………………honey.
5. They (get) …………………………………on the scale now.
6. The earth (circle) …………………………………the Sun once every 365 days.
7. Rivers usually (flow) ………………………………… to the sea.
8. Don’t worry. I (give) ……………him your message when I (see) …………………… him.
9. Look! Jane (play) ………… the guitar. Hurry up! The bus (come) ………………….
10. I (not talk) ……………………………… to her at present.
11. How often……… she (go) ………… fishing?- She (go) ……………once a year.
12. ................. your friends (be)…… students?-Yes, they (be)..........................
13. .............. the children (play)………… in the park at the moment?
- No, they aren’t. They (learn).................... to play the piano.
14. …………….you (go)………….. to school on Sundays? – Yes, I do.
15. My mother (cook) ……………a meal now. She (cook)…………… everyday.

16. What………… your mother (do)…………… at this time? - She (make)…………a dress.
17. ............. she often (go)……………………… to the cinema every weekend?
18. I don’t know. But she always (go)......................... to the church on Sundays.
19. The students (not be)........................................... in class at present.
20. She always (wash).................................... the dishes after meals.
21. I (do)................... an exercise on the present tenses at this moment and I (think).............. that I (know)
.................... how to use it now.
22. My mother sometimes (buy)....................................... vegetables at this market.
23. It (rain)........................................... much in summer. It (rain)........................................... now.
24. Daisy (cook)......... some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook).............. in the morning.
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. Ba and I (be).............. students. We (go).................. to school in the morning.
2. We (not go)...................... to school on Thursday.
3. Lan (be)................... a student. She (go)................. to school in the afternoon.
4. She (not go).................... to school in the morning.
5. My school (be)........... in the country. There (be).......... 14 classrooms in my school.
6. There (be).......... a bookstore opposite my house.
7. There (be).......... two restaurants near my house.
8. Where (be).......... your father now? - He (take)........................ a shower.
9. My brother (be)............ a policeman. He (work).................. in Ho Chi Minh City.
10. Today he (not work)....................... He (play)....................... tennis with his friends.
11. What (you/do).................................... after school? - I (watch)...................... TV.
12. What (you/do).......................................... now? - I (watch)........................... TV.
13. What (Lan/do)................................. after school? - She (watch)..................... TV.
14. What (Lan/do)....................................... now? - She (watch).......................... TV.
15. My mother (not work)......................... in a hospital. She (work).............. in a clinic.
16. How (your mother / travel)...................................... to work? - She travels by train.
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. We to the movie theater by bus now. (go)
2. They _ at school. (be not)
3. What Mr Allen ? (do)
4. He usually TV in the evening. (watch)
5. Can we _ soccer on the streets? (play)
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. He ………………………his breakfast at 7 o ,clock. (have)
2. There ………………… many beautiful flowers in my garden. (be)
3. She ………………………………… her bike to school now. (ride)
4. Thu ………………………to school by bus everyday. (go).

giúp mik với mik vội lắm!!!

cảm ơn!! ^^

4
31 tháng 3 2020

1.goes

2.work

3.rains,is raining

4.doesn't have

5.What do you often do.....

6. watching

7.where does she go?, goes

*

1.goes

2.wants, leaves

5.do they do..,are watching,playing

6.has

31 tháng 3 2020

1.goes

2.work

3.rain,raining

4.isn't has

5.do

6. watching

7.goes ,goes

*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:1. She (go) to school everyday.2. Bad students never (work) hard.3. It often (rain) in summer. It (rain) now.4. He (not have) any car.5. What you often (do) in the morning?6. She and I (like) (watching) TV very much.7. Where she (go)? – she (go) to the theatre.*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:1. My parents (go)………………………….to visit my grandfather weekly.2. Le Tam (want) ……………..………to be a...
Đọc tiếp

*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. She (go) to school everyday.
2. Bad students never (work) hard.
3. It often (rain) in summer. It (rain) now.
4. He (not have) any car.
5. What you often (do) in the morning?
6. She and I (like) (watching) TV very much.
7. Where she (go)? – she (go) to the theatre.
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. My parents (go)………………………….to visit my grandfather weekly.
2. Le Tam (want) ……………..………to be a teacher after he (leave)…………………….... school.
3. There are lots of gray clouds in the sky. It (rain)……………..…………
4. You (sleep) …………………….…..? Wake up and study your lesson. The exam (come)…
………….……….near.
5. What they (do)………………………….in the living room at the moment? They
(watch)……....................................TV?
- No, they (play)…………………….…..chess.
6. Mary can’t answer the phone now because she (have)…………………………..a bath.
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. My mother often (1- go) to the market every morning but she (2- not go) this morning.
2. Where (3- be) your brother?
- He (4-read) in his room.
3. You (5- like) this skirt? I (6- give) it to my daughter for her birthday tomorrow.
4. Look! The plane (7- fly) toward the airport. It (8- land).
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. Every evening my father (watch)............................. television. 2. We (not/
read)............................. books after lunch.
3. Tom (be)........................ my friend. He (play)...................... sports everyday.
4. (your students/ play)................................................. soccer every afternoon?
5. Where (your children/ be) ........................................................? - They’re upstairs. They (play)
........................................ video games.
6. What (you/ do)................................... now? - I (unload)........................... the vegetables.
7. (Nam/ work).............................................. in the garden at the moment?
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. The sun (set) ………………………………………in the West.
2. It usually (rain) ………………………………in the summer.
3. They (build) …………………………………….
4. Bees (make) …………………………………………honey.
5. They (get) …………………………………on the scale now.
6. The earth (circle) …………………………………the Sun once every 365 days.
7. Rivers usually (flow) ………………………………… to the sea.
8. Don’t worry. I (give) ……………him your message when I (see) …………………… him.
9. Look! Jane (play) ………… the guitar. Hurry up! The bus (come) ………………….
10. I (not talk) ……………………………… to her at present.
11. How often……… she (go) ………… fishing?- She (go) ……………once a year.
12. ................. your friends (be)…… students?-Yes, they (be)..........................
13. .............. the children (play)………… in the park at the moment?
- No, they aren’t. They (learn).................... to play the piano.
14. …………….you (go)………….. to school on Sundays? – Yes, I do.
15. My mother (cook) ……………a meal now. She (cook)…………… everyday.

16. What………… your mother (do)…………… at this time? - She (make)…………a dress.
17. ............. she often (go)……………………… to the cinema every weekend?
18. I don’t know. But she always (go)......................... to the church on Sundays.
19. The students (not be)........................................... in class at present.
20. She always (wash).................................... the dishes after meals.
21. I (do)................... an exercise on the present tenses at this moment and I (think).............. that I (know)
.................... how to use it now.
22. My mother sometimes (buy)....................................... vegetables at this market.
23. It (rain)........................................... much in summer. It (rain)........................................... now.
24. Daisy (cook)......... some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook).............. in the morning.
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. Ba and I (be).............. students. We (go).................. to school in the morning.
2. We (not go)...................... to school on Thursday.
3. Lan (be)................... a student. She (go)................. to school in the afternoon.
4. She (not go).................... to school in the morning.
5. My school (be)........... in the country. There (be).......... 14 classrooms in my school.
6. There (be).......... a bookstore opposite my house.
7. There (be).......... two restaurants near my house.
8. Where (be).......... your father now? - He (take)........................ a shower.
9. My brother (be)............ a policeman. He (work).................. in Ho Chi Minh City.
10. Today he (not work)....................... He (play)....................... tennis with his friends.
11. What (you/do).................................... after school? - I (watch)...................... TV.
12. What (you/do).......................................... now? - I (watch)........................... TV.
13. What (Lan/do)................................. after school? - She (watch)..................... TV.
14. What (Lan/do)....................................... now? - She (watch).......................... TV.
15. My mother (not work)......................... in a hospital. She (work).............. in a clinic.
16. How (your mother / travel)...................................... to work? - She travels by train.
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. We to the movie theater by bus now. (go)
2. They _ at school. (be not)
3. What Mr Allen ? (do)
4. He usually TV in the evening. (watch)
5. Can we _ soccer on the streets? (play)
*Supply the correct forms and tenses of these verbs:
1. He ………………………his breakfast at 7 o ,clock. (have)
2. There ………………… many beautiful flowers in my garden. (be)
3. She ………………………………… her bike to school now. (ride)
4. Thu ………………………to school by bus everyday. (go).

mik dag vội làm nhanh giúp mik với  :(

ai làm trc mik tick!

10
30 tháng 3 2020
1. goes 
2.work 
3.rains/is raining 
31 tháng 3 2020
  • 1 goes 2 works 3 rains ; is raining 4 doesn"t have 5 do you often do ;6 watching 7 is she going 
  • 1 go 2 wants ; leaving 3 might rain 4 are you sleeping ; is coming 5 are they doing ; are they watching TV - are playing chess 6 is having
  • 1 goes ;isn't going 2 is -is reading 3 do you - will give 4 is flying - is landing  
  • 1 watches 2 don't read  3 is -plays 4 do your students play 5 are your children - are playing 6 are you doing - am unloading 7 is NAM working 
  • 1 sets 2 rains 3 are building 4 make 5 are getting 6 circles 7 flow 8 will give ; have seen 9 is playing ; is coming 10 am not talking 11 does she go fishing - goes 12 are-are 13 are the children playing -are learning 14 do you go 15 is cooking - cooks 16 is your mother going to do - is making 17 does she often go 18 goes 19 aren't 20 washes 21 am doing ; think now 22 buys 23 rains - is raining 24 is cooking-cooks 
  • 1 are -go 2 don't go 3 is -goes 4 doesn't go 5 is -are 6 is 7 are 8 is 9 is - works 10 isn't working - is playing 11 do you do -watch 12 are you doing -am watching 13 does lan do - watches 14 is lan doing - is watching 15 doesn't work -works 16 does your mother travel
  • 1 are going 2 aren't 3 does MR Allen do 4 watches 5 play  

1 has 2 are 3 is riding 4 goes 

Complete the sentences with the correct present simple affirmative or negative form of the verbs in brackets. 1 I like football but I _______________ (like) basketball. 2 On Saturdays I ____________ (get up) early. I stay in bed! 3 I don’t go to school by bus. I _____________ (walk). 4 My brother _______________ (listen) to rock music. He hates it. 5 My sister ________________ (like) sport. She thinks it’s boring. 6 My classmates _____________________ (work) hard. The teacher is very...
Đọc tiếp
Complete the sentences with the correct present simple affirmative or negative form of the verbs in brackets. 1 I like football but I _______________ (like) basketball. 2 On Saturdays I ____________ (get up) early. I stay in bed! 3 I don’t go to school by bus. I _____________ (walk). 4 My brother _______________ (listen) to rock music. He hates it. 5 My sister ________________ (like) sport. She thinks it’s boring. 6 My classmates _____________________ (work) hard. The teacher is very good. 7 My cousin lives in France and he _________________ (speak) French. Complete the sentences with the correct present continuous affirmative or negative of the verbs in brackets. Where are you, Phong? – I’m upstairs. I (do) ___________________ my homework. Shh! They (study) _______________________ in the library. Now we (have) ____________________ an English lesson with Mrs. Nga. He isn’t in his bedroom. He (play) _________________ in the garden. We can’t go out now. It (rain) _______________. Give correct forms or tense of the verb. I (go) _____________ at 5 o’clock every day. Our team (play) _______________ football on Sunday mornings. Listen! (they / sing) _______________ in the classroom? (Van / walk) _______________ to school with you? My new school (have)__________________ a larger playground. Both Lan and Nhan (wear) ____________ uniform every day. (you / be) _______________ ready? At the moment Lan (walk) ________________ to class with her friends

Giup minh nha

3
10 tháng 1 2018

nhìn đây cho dễ

Complete the sentences with the correct present simple affirmative or negative form of the verbs in brackets. 1 I like football but I _______________ (like) basketball. 2 On Saturdays I ____________ (get up) early. I stay in bed! 3 I don’t go to school by bus. I _____________ (walk). 4 My brother _______________ (listen) to rock music. He hates it. 5 My sister ________________ (like) sport. She thinks it’s boring. 6 My classmates _____________________ (work) hard. The teacher is very good. 7 My cousin lives in France and he _________________ (speak) French. Complete the sentences with the correct present continuous affirmative or negative of the verbs in brackets. Where are you, Phong? – I’m upstairs. I (do) ___________________ my homework. Shh! They (study) _______________________ in the library. Now we (have) ____________________ an English lesson with Mrs. Nga. He isn’t in his bedroom. He (play) _________________ in the garden. We can’t go out now. It (rain) _______________. Give correct forms or tense of the verb. I (go) _____________ at 5 o’clock every day. Our team (play) _______________ football on Sunday mornings. Listen! (they / sing) _______________ in the classroom? (Van / walk) _______________ to school with you? My new school (have)__________________ a larger playground. Both Lan and Nhan (wear) ____________ uniform every day. (you / be) _______________ ready? At the moment Lan (walk) ________________ to class with her friends
10 tháng 1 2018

1. don't like

2. got up

3. walk to school

4. listens

5. likes

6. work

7. speaks

14 tháng 1 2020

1.Learning English is necessary.

2.No subject is harder than Math.

3.It's interesting to go swimming in the summer.

4.Be sure that you lock the front door before you leave.

5.There is a living room,a bed room and a kitchen in my house.

6.The park is behind the house.

7.I have a lot difficulty when make friends.

8.Hoa plays tennis better than me.

9.I roller skating my brother.

10.Would you mind if i make some tea for you?

11.We are interested in playing football.

12.They alway go to school on time.

Câu 10 từ câu hỏi không sang câu khẳng định được nên mình đổi phần"I will"

Dịch:Some theories of the purpose of dreamsFreud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We...
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Dịch:

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit like a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, like language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses like hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in particular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this article has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Find the new words and translate it

5
1 tháng 2 2018

Một số lý thuyết về mục đích của những giấc mơ

Freud tin rằng chúng ta mơ ước để chúng ta có thể giải toả những ham muốn sâu, bí mật mà chúng ta không được phép diễn đạt trong cuộc sống thực bởi vì các quy tắc của xã hội lịch sự. Hầu hết mọi người đều biết về phân tích giấc mơ của Freud - giấc mơ về một con tàu đi vào đường hầm là một giấc mơ về quan hệ tình dục. Nhưng liệu đó có phải chỉ là một giấc mơ khi du hành trên tàu?

Một lý thuyết khác là những giấc mơ cho phép chúng ta giải quyết những vấn đề mà chúng ta không thể giải quyết trong cuộc sống thực. Chúng tôi đi ngủ với một vấn đề và thức dậy với câu trả lời. Đây có thể là một cách để "sử dụng" ước mơ của chúng ta hơn là một mục đích "của mơ ước. Nếu bạn tin rằng giấc mơ của bạn là quan trọng thì việc phân tích chúng có thể giúp bạn tập trung suy nghĩ về vấn đề và giúp bạn tìm ra giải pháp.

Hình ảnh hiện đại là giấc mơ là cách để làm sạch ổ cứng của máy tính, tổ chức các sự kiện trong ngày vào các thư mục và xóa các rác mà nó không muốn giữ. Nhưng tất cả chúng ta đều biết rằng rất ít những gì chúng tôi mơ ước mỗi tối liên quan đến những gì đã xảy ra với chúng tôi ngày hôm đó.

Một ý tưởng khác là giấc mơ là cách hành xử của não đối với hành vi mà chúng ta cần phải tồn tại. Vì vậy, chúng tôi mơ ước được bị đuổi bởi một con quái vật bởi vì một ngày nào đó có thể xảy ra! Nó giống như một nghệ sĩ piano thực hành quy mô của cô ấy mỗi ngày mặc dù cô ấy không cần sử dụng chúng vào lúc đó.

Những người khác tin rằng giấc mơ là cách não thực hiện các con đường giữa các tế bào não. Đây có thể là một yếu tố quan trọng tại sao chúng ta ngủ nhiều hơn là tại sao chúng ta mơ ước. Chúng ta chết nếu chúng ta không ngủ nhưng chúng ta có thể sống mà không mơ mộng. Một số bệnh nhân bị thương não mất khả năng mơ ước nhưng dường như không bị ảnh hưởng xấu.

REM và mơ ước

Các nhà khoa học từng nghĩ rằng giấc mơ chỉ xảy ra trong giấc ngủ Mắt nhanh (REM). Giấc ngủ REM là điều cần thiết cho tất cả các động vật có vú. Tất cả chúng ta trở nên cáu kỉnh và chán nản nếu không có nó. Nếu chúng ta không có đủ giấc ngủ đêm REM, chúng tôi sẽ đền bù bằng cách có thêm thời gian tiếp theo. REM được tạo ra bởi bộ não - phần lâu đời nhất và nguyên thủy nhất của bộ não. Vì vậy, các nhà khoa học từng tin rằng giấc mơ cũng là do hoạt động trong não. Bây giờ chúng ta biết rằng giấc mơ có thể xảy ra bất cứ lúc nào trong suốt giấc ngủ. Sự khác biệt duy nhất có thể là dễ nhớ hơn những giấc mơ xảy ra trong REM.

Trẻ sơ sinh có nhiều hoạt động REM hơn người lớn, nhưng nghiên cứu cho thấy họ mơ ước ít hơn. Điều này cũng có thể đúng với động vật. Chúng tôi biết rằng họ có hoạt động REM nhưng điều đó không có nghĩa là họ mơ ước.

Nó cũng có vẻ như là mơ ước là một kỹ năng phát triển khi bạn lớn lên, chẳng hạn như ngôn ngữ ví dụ. Ước mơ của trẻ nhỏ rất khác so với giấc mơ của những đứa trẻ lớn tuổi hơn và người lớn.

Nghiên cứu mới

Công nghệ hiện đại đã cho phép các nhà khoa học lập bản đồ các bộ phận của não hoạt động khi chúng ta mơ ước. Giun sơ khai rất năng động, nhưng cũng là những khu vực quan trọng khác ở phía trước của não. Đây là những thùy trán điều khiển cảm xúc, trí nhớ và kinh nghiệm đi qua các giác quan như nghe và nhìn. Nếu những khu vực này bị thương, người đó ngừng mơ. Mặt khác, các lĩnh vực kiểm soát suy nghĩ hợp lý, hợp lý không hoạt động chút nào. Điều này có thể giải thích tại sao những giấc mơ thật kỳ lạ. Họ không có trình tự hoặc thời gian hợp lý, điều này khiến họ rất khó giải thích cho người khác khi chúng tôi thức dậy. Giấc mơ kết hợp các sự kiện gần đây với những sự kiện trong quá khứ và cảm xúc của chúng ta trong khi chúng ta đang mơ ước thường rất mạnh.

Các nhà tâm lý học cũng đã thực hiện các nghiên cứu về những người giữ nhật ký trong một thời gian dài (đến 50 năm trong một số trường hợp) và nhận thấy rằng những gì chúng ta mơ ước có liên quan rất nhiều đến cách chúng ta suy nghĩ và hành xử khi chúng ta tỉnh táo. Vì vậy, một người hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm sẽ có những giấc mơ hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm. Một người nhút nhát sẽ là một người nhút nhát trong những giấc mơ của mình. Những người quan trọng đối với chúng ta thường có trong giấc mơ của chúng ta và những điều đó sẽ làm chúng ta lo lắng hoặc làm cho chúng ta hạnh phúc.

Vậy kết luận là gì?

Vâng, không ai thực sự biết. Nhưng các nhà khoa học hiện đang cho thấy những giấc mơ hoàn toàn không có mục đích. Khi chúng ta tỉnh dậy chúng ta đang 'suy nghĩ' mọi lúc. Một số suy nghĩ này là hữu ích và có một mục đích. Nhưng chúng ta thường chỉ "nghĩ" về không có gì đặc biệt trong khi chúng ta chờ xe buýt hoặc đi bộ để làm việc. Và đó là những gì mà bộ não đang làm khi chúng ta đang ngủ - chỉ cần suy nghĩ. Đôi khi nó thú vị và đôi khi nó là nhàm chán.

Làm nghiên cứu cho bài viết này đã làm tôi quan tâm nhiều hơn đến ước mơ của tôi chứ không phải là ít hơn. Tôi thậm chí có thể bắt đầu một nhật ký trong giấc mơ! Nhưng không có gì tôi đã đọc giải thích tại sao đôi khi tôi có một giấc mơ xấu hổ vì thấy mình đang đứng khỏa thân hoàn toàn tại bến xe buýt. May mắn thay, điều này đã không bao giờ xảy ra với tôi trong cuộc sống thực, và nó không phải là điều mà tôi nghĩ về khi tôi thức. Tôi được nói rằng đó là một ví dụ về 'giấc mơ phổ quát' - một giấc mơ phổ biến cho mọi người trên thế giới. Giấc mơ bay là một ví dụ khác. Vậy giải thích là gì? Chúng ta không thể chỉ "suy nghĩ" về cùng một điều, phải không?

1 tháng 2 2018

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in parular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this arle has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?