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6) Ta có
\(A=\frac{x^3}{y+2z}+\frac{y^3}{z+2x}+\frac{z^3}{x+2y}\)
\(=\frac{x^4}{xy+2xz}+\frac{y^4}{yz+2xy}+\frac{z^4}{zx+2yz}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{xy+2xz+yz+2xy+zx+2yz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{1}{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(P=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{1}{b}\\z=\frac{1}{c}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow xyz=1\Rightarrow P=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(P\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{y+z+x+z+x+y}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Cần cách khác thì nhắn cái
a)\(\left(4x^3-xy^2+y^3\right)\left(x^2y+2xy^2-2y^3\right)\)
\(=x^2y\left(4x^3-xy^2+y^3\right)+2xy^2\left(4x^3-xy^2+y^3\right)\)
\(-2y^3\left(4x^3-xy^2+y^3\right)\)
\(=4x^5y-x^3y^3+x^2y^4+8x^4y^2-2x^2y^4+2xy^5\)
\(-8x^3y^3+2xy^5-2y^6\)
\(=-2y^6+4x^5y+\left(2xy^5+2xy^5\right)+8x^4y^2+\left(x^2y^4-2x^2y^4\right)\)
\(-\left(x^3y^3+8x^3y^3\right)\)
\(=-2y^6+4x^5y+4xy^5+8x^4y^2-x^2y^4-9x^3y^3\)
b)
(!) \(2\left(x+y\right)^2-7\left(x+y\right)+5\)
\(=2\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x+y\right)+5\)
\(=2\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y-1\right)-5\left(x+y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+2y-5\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)
(!!) \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2-x^2-y^2-z^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\right)-x^2-y^2-z^2\)
\(=2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
đề dài v~
1.
a) \(f\left(x\right)=5x^2-2x+1\)
\(5f\left(x\right)=25x^2-10x+5\)
\(5f\left(x\right)=\left(25x^2-10x+1\right)+4\)
\(5f\left(x\right)=\left(5x-1\right)^2+4\)
Mà \(\left(5x-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow5f\left(x\right)\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)\ge\frac{4}{5}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi :
\(5x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{5}\)
Vậy ....
b) \(P\left(x\right)=3x^2+x+7\)
\(3P\left(x\right)=9x^2+3x+21\)
\(3P\left(x\right)=\left(9x^2+3x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{83}{4}\)
\(3P\left(x\right)=\left(3x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{83}{4}\)
Mà \(\left(3x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow3P\left(x\right)\ge\frac{83}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\left(x\right)\ge\frac{83}{12}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :
\(3x+\frac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{6}\)
Vậy ...
c) \(Q\left(x\right)=5x^2-3x-3\)
\(5Q\left(x\right)=25x^2-15x-15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5Q\left(x\right)=\left(25x^2-15x+\frac{9}{4}\right)-\frac{69}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5Q\left(x\right)=\left(5x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{69}{4}\)
Mà \(\left(5x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow5Q\left(x\right)\ge\frac{-69}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q\left(x\right)\ge-\frac{69}{20}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :
\(5x-\frac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=0,3\)
Vậy ...
2.
a) \(f\left(x\right)=-3x^2+x-2\)
\(-3f\left(x\right)=9x^2-3x+6\)
\(-3f\left(x\right)=\left(9x^2-3x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{23}{4}\)
\(-3f\left(x\right)=\left(3x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{23}{4}\)
Mà \(\left(3x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow-3f\left(x\right)\ge\frac{23}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)\le\frac{23}{12}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :
\(3x-\frac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{6}\)
Vậy ...
b) \(P\left(x\right)=-x^2-7x+1\)
\(-P\left(x\right)=x^2+7x-1\)
\(-P\left(x\right)=\left(x^2+7x+\frac{49}{4}\right)-\frac{53}{4}\)
\(-P\left(x\right)=\left(x+\frac{7}{2}\right)^2-\frac{53}{4}\)
Mà \(\left(x+\frac{7}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow-P\left(x\right)\ge-\frac{53}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\left(x\right)\le\frac{53}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :
\(x+\frac{7}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{7}{2}\)
Vậy ...
c) \(Q\left(x\right)=-2x^2+x-8\)
\(-2Q\left(x\right)=4x^2-2x+16\)
\(-2Q\left(x\right)=\left(4x^2-2x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{63}{4}\)
\(-2Q\left(x\right)=\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{63}{4}\)
Mà : \(\left(2x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow-2Q\left(x\right)\ge\frac{63}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q\left(x\right)\le-\frac{63}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :
\(2x-\frac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy ...
Ta có: \(\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(x-y\right)^2+4xy\)
Thay số ta được:
\(\left(x+y\right)^2=4^2+4.5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=16+20=36\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=\sqrt{36}=6\)
Vậy: \(x+y=6\)
tu x-y=4suy ra y=x-4
thay vao xy=5suy ra x(x-4)=5
suy ra x^2-4x+4=9
suy ra (x-2)^2=9
suy ra x-2=+-3
vi x<0 suy ra x=-3+2=-1
suy ra y=x-4=-1-4=-5
suy ra x+y=-1+-5=-6
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(9(x-1)^2-4(2x+3)^2=(3x-3)^2-(4x+6)^2\)
\(=(3x-3-4x-6)(3x-3+4x+6)=-(x+9)(7x+3)\)
Bài 2:
Có: \(x^2-x+\frac{9}{20}=x^2-2x.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{5}\)
Ta thấy \(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\geq 0\forall x\in\mathbb{R}\Rightarrow x^2-x+\frac{9}{20}\geq \frac{1}{5}>0\forall x\in\mathbb{R}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 3:
Thực hiện phân tích:
\(f(x)=x^3-8x^2+ax-5=x(x^2-3x+1)-5(x^2-3x+1)+ax-16x\)
\(=(x-5)(x^2-3x+1)+ax-16x\)
Thấy rằng bậc của \(ax-16x\) nhỏ hơn bậc của $g(x)$ nên $ax-16x$ là dư của $f(x)$ cho $g(x)$
Để \(f(x)\vdots g(x)\Rightarrow ax-16x=0\forall x\Rightarrow a=16\)
Bài 4:
Để \(\overline{2017x}\vdots 12\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} \overline{2017x}\vdots 3(1)\\ \overline{2017x}\vdots 4(2)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\((1)\Leftrightarrow 2+0+1+7+x\vdots 3\Leftrightarrow 10+x\vdots 3\Leftrightarrow x+1\vdots 3\)
\((2)\Leftrightarrow \overline{7x}\vdots 4\Rightarrow x\in\left\{2;6\right\}\)
Từ hai điều trên suy ra \(x=2\)
Bài 5:
Ta có: \(x+\frac{1}{x}=\sqrt{2017}\Rightarrow \left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2=2017\Leftrightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+2=2017\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=2015\)
Như vậy: \(A=3x^2-5+\frac{3}{x^2}=3\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)-5=3.2015-5=6040\)
Bài 6:
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y+z=a\\ xy+yz+xz=b\end{matrix}\right.\). ĐKĐB tương đương với:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} a^2-2b=3\\ a+b=6\rightarrow b=6-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2(6-a)=3\Leftrightarrow a^2-2a+15=0\Leftrightarrow (a+5)(a-3)=0\Leftrightarrow a=3\)
(do \(a\in\mathbb{R}^+\))
Kéo theo \(b=6-a=3\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+xz\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM thì \(x^2+y^2+z^2\geq xy+yz+xz\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\Rightarrow x=y=z=1\) do \(x+y+z=3\)