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1 His father gave him a bicycle on his birthday.
It was.......on his birthday when his father gave him a bicycle....................................................
2 She often buys books from that shop.
It is...that shop where she often buys book from..........................................................................
3 They don’t smoke and they don’t drink everyday.
They...neither smoke nor drink everyday............................................................................
4 It is said that the thieves were arrested at the station.
The thieves.....are said to have been arrested at the station.........................................................................
5 People say that he passed the exam easily.
It is............said that he passed the exam easily. ..................................................................................
1. He denies having attempted to murder his wife.
2. I remember that I had told her the address yesterday.
3. Having been to the disco the night before, she overslept in the morning.
4. After being stopped by the police, George admitted having drunk two pints of beer.
5. Having asked his mother's permission, the boy went out to play.
6. He was praised for raising 20,000 for charity.
7. I wanted to congratulate you on making such a good speech.
1. How did you know the man whom I met at the side conference
2. The man whose opinion I respect most is my father
3. The bed which I slept in last night was comfortable
4. I don't know the reason why she left school for
5. We haven't deceided the day when I'll go to London
6. Do you know the good looking man talking to Alison
7. Luggage left unattended will be taken away by police
8. Left-hand children forced to write with their right hands often develop psychological problems.
9. Melanie was the only person to write a letter of thanks
10. This is the book which I'm looking for
1. One of the characteristics of the postal service before the 1840s was that
A. postmen were employed by various organisations.
B. letters were restricted to a certain length.
C. distance affected the price of postage.
D. the price of delivery kept going up.
2. Letter writers in the 1830s
A. were not responsible for the cost of delivery.
B. tried to fit more than one letter into an envelope.
C. could only send letters to people living in cities.
D. knew all letters were automatically read by postal staff.
3. What does the text say about Hill in the 1830s?
A. He was the first person to express concern about the postal system.
B. He considered it would be more efficient for mail to be delivered by rail.
C. He felt that postal service reform was necessary for commercial development.
D. His plan received support from all the important figures of the day.
It might not have looked very impressive, but the Penny Black, now 170 years old, was the first stamp to be created and it launched the modem postal system in Britain.
Before 1840 and the arrival of the Penny Black, you had to be rich and patient to use the Royal Mail. Delivery was charged according to the miles travelled and the number of sheets of paper used; a 2-page letter sent from Edinburgh to London, for example, would have cost 2 shillings, or more than £7 in today’s money. And when the top-hatted letter carrier came to deliver it, it was the recipient who had to pay for the postage. Letter writers employed various ruses to reduce the cost, doing everything possible to cram more words onto a page. Nobody bothered with heavy envelopes; instead, letters would be folded and sealed with wax. You then had to find a post office - there were no pillar boxes - and hope your addressee didn't live in one of the several rural areas which were not served by the system. If you were lucky, your letter would arrive (it could take days) without being read or censored.
The state of mail had been causing concern throughout the 1830s, but it was Rowland Hill, an inventor, teacher and social reformer from Kidderminster, who proposed a workable plan for change. Worried that a dysfunctional, costly service would stifle communication just as Britain was in the swing of its second industrial revolution, he believed reform would ease the distribution of ideas and stimulate trade and business, delivering the same promise as the new railways.
Hill’s proposal for the penny post, which meant any letter weighing less than half an ounce (14 grams) could be sent anywhere in Britain for about 30p in today’s money, was so radical that the Postmaster General, Lord Lichfield, said, 'Of all the wild and visionary schemes which I ever heard of, it is the most extravagant.’ Lord Lichfield spoke for an establishment not convinced of the need for poor people to post anything. But merchants and reformers backed Hill. Soon the government told him to make his scheme work. And that meant inventing a new type of currency.
Hill quickly settled on 'a bit of paper covered at the back with a glutinous wash which the user might, by applying a little moisture, attach to the back of a letter’. Stamps would be printed in sheets of 240 that could be cut using scissors or a knife. Perforations would not arrive until 1854. The idea stuck, and in August 1839 the Treasury launched a design competition open to ‘all artists, men of science and the public in general’. The new stamp would need to be resistant to forgery, and so it was a submission by one Mr Cheverton that Hill used as the basis for one of the most striking designs in history. Cheverton, who worked as a sculptor and an engineer, determined that a portrait of Queen Victoria, engraved for a commemorative coin when she was a 15-year-old princess, was detailed enough to make copying difficult, and recognisable enough to make fakes easy to spot. The words ‘Postage’ and ‘One Penny’ were added alongside flourishes and ornamental stars. Nobody thought to add the word ‘Britain’, as it was assumed that the stamps would solely be put to domestic use.
With the introduction of the new postal system, the Penny Black was an instant hit, and printers struggled to meet demand. By the end of 1840, more than 160 million letters had been sent - more than double the previous year. It created more work for the post office, whose reform continued with the introduction of red letter boxes, new branches and more frequent deliveries, even to the remotest address, but its lasting impact on society was more remarkable.
Hill and his supporters rightly predicted that cheaper post would improve the ‘diffusion of knowledge’. Suddenly, someone in Scotland could be reached by someone in London within a day or two. And as literacy improved, sections of society that had been disenfranchised found a voice.
Tristram Hunt, an historian, values the ‘flourishing of correspondence’ that followed the arrival of stamps. ‘While I was writing my biography of Friedrich Engels I could read the letters he and Marx sent between Manchester and London,’ he says. ‘They wrote to each other three times a day, pinging ideas back and forth so that you can almost follow a real-time correspondence.’
The penny post also changed the nature of the letter. Weight-saving tricks such as cross-writing began to die out, while the arrival of envelopes built confidence among correspondents that mail would not be stolen or read. And so people wrote more private things - politically or commercially sensitive information or love letters. ‘In the early days of the penny post, there was still concern about theft,’ Hunt says. ‘Engels would still send Marx money by ripping up five-pound notes and sending the pieces in different letters.’ But the probity of the postal system became a great thing and it came to be expected that your mail would not be tampered with.
For all its brilliance, the Penny Black was technically a failure. At first, post offices used red ink to cancel stamps so that they could not be used again. But the ink could be removed. When in 1842, it was determined that black ink would be more robust, the colour of the Penny Black became a sort of browny red, but Hill’s brainchild had made its mark.
1. One of the characteristics of the postal service before the 1840s was that
A. postmen were employed by various organisations.
B. letters were restricted to a certain length.
C. distance affected the price of postage.
D. the price of delivery kept going up.
2. Letter writers in the 1830s
A. were not responsible for the cost of delivery.
B. tried to fit more than one letter into an envelope.
C. could only send letters to people living in cities.
D. knew all letters were automatically read by postal staff.
3. What does the text say about Hill in the 1830s?
A. He was the first person to express concern about the postal system.
B. He considered it would be more efficient for mail to be delivered by rail.
C. He felt that postal service reform was necessary for commercial development.
D. His plan received support from all the important figures of the day.
Read the passage and do the exercise below .
Hachiko , an Akita dog , was born in 1923 and brought to Tokyo in 1924 . His owner , Professor Eisaburo Uyeno and he were inseparable friends right from the start . Each day Hachiko would accompany his owner , a professor at the Imperial University , to Shibuya train station when he left for work . When he came back , the professor would always find the dog patiently waiting for him . Sadly , the professor died suddenly at work in 1925 before he could return home ( buồn thay giáo sư bất ngờ ra đi ở nơi làm việc năm 1925 trước khi ông ấy có thể trở về nhà (1)).
Although Hachiko was still a young dog , the friendship between him and his owner was very strong and he continued to wait at the station every day (2) . Sometimes , he would stay there for days at a time , though some believe that he kept returning because of the food he was given by street vendors ( Mặc dù một số người cho rằng nó trở lại vì thức ăn mà nó được cho bởi người qua đường -> Tức là có người cho nớ thứ ăn (3)) . He became a familiar sight to commuters over time . In 1934 , a statue of him was put outside the station . In 1935 , Hachiko died at the place he last saw his friend alive ( Vào năm 1934 một cái tượng đài của ông ấy được đặt ở ngoài trạm/ nhà ga. Đến năm 1935 thì con chó mới chết -> Con chó chết sau khi tượng đài đc đưa ra(4)) .
* Write " T " before the number of the sentence if it is true .
Write " F " if the sentence is not true .
1/ The professor died at work . T
2/ The dog waited every day at the station . T
3/ Nobody gave the dog any food . F
4/ The dog died before the statue was put outside the station F
* Trâm đã highlight một số key sentences để bt câu đó là đúng hay sai trên đoạn văn rồi nha.
1) Don't blame me if the washing machine is out of order
--> It's not my fault that the washing machine is out of order.
2) They have decided to cancel the match
---> It has been decided to cancel the match.
3)My boss works better when he's pressed for time
--> The less time my boss has, the better he works.
4) I was particularly impressed by her excellent command of English
-->What impressed me was her excellent command of English.
5)Richard only took over the family business because his father to retire early
--> But for his father's early retirement, Richard wouldn't have taken over the family business.
6)My protests were ignored
--> Nobody took any notice of my protests.
Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence; substitutes the underlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.
6. Mrs. Pike has just bought some kitchen ______ for her new house.
a. equip b. equipped c. equipment d. equipping
7. Thank you for phoning when I was ill. It was very ________ of you.
a. think b. thought c. thoughtful d. thoughtfully
8. Thanks to the progress of science and_____, human life has become better and better.
a. technology b. technological
c. technologically d. technician
9. I would like to send these letters __________ air mail.
a. in b. with c. by d. over
10. Could you please provide us _________ some more modern equipment?
a. for b. by c. in d. with
11. How far is your house away _______the city center?
a. in b. for c. at d. from
12. ________ fax transmission is commonly used in most offices.
a. A b. An c. The d. 0
13. That post office provides us with _________best services with well-trained staff.
a. the / a c. 0 / the c. a / the d. the / 0
14. He was a kind and courteous mailman.
a. polite b. strict c. unpleasant d. rude
15. Without more training or advanced technical skills, they'll lose their jobs.
a. out of date b. backward c. up to date d. old
16. There was a parking area to cater for the tourist trade,
a. thoughtful b. courteous c. possible d. spacious
17. Newspapers and magazines are often delivered early in the morning.
a. offered b. given c. provided d. distributed
18. Because the doctors and nurses acted properly and quickly, the baby was operated successfully.
a. cheaply b. promptly c. conveniently d. usefully
19. If you want to send a document and do not want to lose its original shape, our _______facsimile service will help you.
a. post b. express c. parcel d. fax
20. She had been assisted by a stranger ________her motor and drove her to safety.
a. who started b. whom starting
c. starting d. that will start I
21. With our senses, we perceive everything ___________
a. is around us b. that is around us
c. whom is around us d. whose is around us
22. The volunteers, _________ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
a. who b. whom c. whose d. that
23. The musicians __________yesterday have played together for many years.
a. to who we listened b. who we listened to
c. to that we listened d. to whom we listened
24. Many scientists have claimed that _________ like music are often good at mathematics.
a. children b. children who c. children whom d. whose children
25. The student ___________ had an impressive record.
a. the prize was awarded b. that the prize was awarded
c. to whom the prize was awarded d. who the prize was awarded
26. Those _______ have used our services for more than one year can enter the competition.
a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
27. I think it was your Dad ________
a. phoned b. phoning c. that phoned d. which phoned
28. That man is a newcomer in our company. Do you know him?
a. That man is a newcomer in our company. Do you know whom?
b. That man who is a newcomer in our company. Do you know him?
c. Do you know him that man is a newcomer in our company?
d. Do you know that man who is a newcomer in our company?
29. Yesterday I went to _________ I had never been to before.
a. Thanh Ba Post Office, that b. Thanh Ba Post Office where
c. Thanh Ba Post Office which d. Thanh Ba Post Office, which
30. She has two grown children, both of_________ live abroad.
a. who b. whom c. that d. whose
Câu 1 vậy là đúng rồi
Câu 2.The pedestrian asked the police for direction to the post office.
-> It was the police who were asked for direction to the post office by the pedestrian.
2.> It was the police who were asked for direction to the post office by the pedestrian.