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\(=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{19}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{2}{18}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{18}{2}+1\right)+1}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{20}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{20}{19}+\dfrac{20}{18}+...+\dfrac{20}{2}+\dfrac{20}{20}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{20}}=20\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{2}{18}+...+\dfrac{19}{1}=\left(\dfrac{1}{19}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{2}{18}+1\right)+...+1\)
\(=\dfrac{20}{19}+\dfrac{20}{18}+...+\dfrac{20}{2}+\dfrac{20}{20}=20\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{20}\right)\)
Thế lại bài toán ta được
\(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{2}{18}+...+\dfrac{19}{1}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{20}}=\dfrac{20\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{20}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{20}}=20\)
Ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{2}{18}+\dfrac{3}{17}+...+\dfrac{19}{1}\\ =\dfrac{1}{19}+1+\dfrac{2}{18}+1+\dfrac{3}{17}+1+...+\dfrac{19}{1}+1-19\\ =\dfrac{20}{19}+\dfrac{20}{18}+\dfrac{20}{17}+...+\dfrac{20}{1}-19\\ =\dfrac{20}{19}+\dfrac{20}{18}+...+\dfrac{20}{2}+20-19\\ =\dfrac{20}{19}+\dfrac{20}{18}+\dfrac{20}{17}+...+\dfrac{20}{2}+1+19-19\\ =\dfrac{20}{20}+\dfrac{20}{19}+\dfrac{20}{18}+...+\dfrac{20}{2}\\ =20\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{20}+\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{1}{18}+...+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
Thế vào ta có:
\(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{2}{18}+\dfrac{3}{17}+...+\dfrac{19}{1}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{20}}\\ =\dfrac{20\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{20}+\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{1}{18}+...+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{20}+\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{1}{18}+...+\dfrac{1}{2}}\\ =20\)
1) \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{13}{19}-\dfrac{4}{9}+\dfrac{6}{19}+\dfrac{5}{18}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{13}{19}+\dfrac{6}{19}\right)-\dfrac{4}{9}+\dfrac{5}{18}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{4}{9}+\dfrac{5}{18}\)
\(=\dfrac{19}{18}+\dfrac{5}{18}\)
\(=\dfrac{24}{18}\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
2) \(\dfrac{-20}{23}+\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{3}{23}+\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{7}{15}\)
\(=\left(-\dfrac{20}{23}-\dfrac{3}{23}\right)+\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{7}{15}\)
\(=-1+\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{7}{15}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{7}{15}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{7}{15}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{15}\)
3) \(\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{-11}{31}+\dfrac{3}{10}-\dfrac{20}{31}-\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{-11}{31}-\dfrac{20}{31}\right)+\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{3}{10}-\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(=-1+\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{3}{10}-\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{3}{10}-\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(=\dfrac{7}{30}\)
4) \(\dfrac{5}{7}.\dfrac{5}{11}+\dfrac{5}{7}.\dfrac{2}{11}-\dfrac{5}{7}.\dfrac{14}{11}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{7}.\left(\dfrac{5}{11}+\dfrac{2}{11}-\dfrac{14}{11}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{7}.-\dfrac{7}{11}\)
\(=-\dfrac{35}{77}\)
\(=-\dfrac{5}{11}\)
a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{x-2}{15}+\dfrac{x-3}{14}+\dfrac{x-4}{13}+\dfrac{x-5}{12}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-2}{15}-1+\dfrac{x-3}{14}-1+\dfrac{x-4}{13}-1+\dfrac{x-5}{12}-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-17}{15}+\dfrac{x-17}{14}+\dfrac{x-17}{13}+\dfrac{x-17}{12}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-17\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{12}\right)=0\)
mà \(\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{12}>0\)
nên x-17=0
hay x=17
Vậy: x=17
b) Ta có: \(\dfrac{x+1}{19}+\dfrac{x+2}{18}+\dfrac{x+3}{17}+...+\dfrac{x+18}{2}+18=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+1}{19}+1+\dfrac{x+2}{18}+1+\dfrac{x+3}{17}+1+...+\dfrac{x+18}{2}+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+20}{19}+\dfrac{x+20}{18}+\dfrac{x+20}{17}+...+\dfrac{x+20}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+20\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{1}{18}+\dfrac{1}{17}+...+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=0\)
mà \(\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{1}{18}+\dfrac{1}{17}+...+\dfrac{1}{2}>0\)
nên x+20=0
hay x=-20
Vậy: x=-20
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(11+\dfrac{7}{18}-9-\dfrac{13}{18}\right):x=\dfrac{5}{3}+\dfrac{35}{33}\cdot\dfrac{11}{7}=\dfrac{10}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{3}:\dfrac{10}{3}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a: \(=\dfrac{13\left(3-18\right)}{40\left(15-2\right)}=\dfrac{13}{15-2}\cdot\dfrac{-15}{40}=\dfrac{-3}{8}\)
b: \(=\dfrac{18\left(34-124\right)}{36\left(-17-13\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{-90}{-30}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
c: \(=\dfrac{3\left(\dfrac{1}{41}-\dfrac{4}{47}+\dfrac{9}{53}\right)}{4\left(\dfrac{1}{41}-\dfrac{4}{47}+\dfrac{9}{53}\right)}+\dfrac{\dfrac{-1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}-\dfrac{3}{4}:\dfrac{1}{6}}{\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{-2}{3}-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{12}-\dfrac{9}{2}}{\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{-1}{6}}=\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{-13}{3}:\dfrac{-3}{12}=\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{13}{3}\cdot\dfrac{12}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{156}{9}=\dfrac{217}{12}\)
\(a,\dfrac{2.6}{-3.6}+\dfrac{7}{18}=\dfrac{-12}{18}+\dfrac{7}{18}=\dfrac{5}{18}\\ b,\dfrac{1.2}{2.2}+\dfrac{-4}{3}=\dfrac{2}{4}.\dfrac{-4}{3}=\dfrac{-8}{12}=\dfrac{-2}{3}\)
a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{-5}{18}+\dfrac{32}{45}-\dfrac{9}{10}\)
\(=\dfrac{-25}{90}+\dfrac{64}{90}-\dfrac{81}{90}\)
\(=\dfrac{-42}{90}=-\dfrac{7}{15}\)
b) Ta có: \(\left(-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{51}{33}-\dfrac{5}{3}\right)-\left(-\dfrac{15}{12}+\dfrac{6}{11}-\dfrac{42}{29}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-1}{4}+\dfrac{17}{11}-\dfrac{5}{3}+\dfrac{5}{4}-\dfrac{6}{11}+\dfrac{42}{29}\)
\(=\dfrac{-5}{3}+\dfrac{42}{29}\)
\(=\dfrac{-145}{87}+\dfrac{126}{87}=\dfrac{-19}{87}\)
c) Ta có: \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+2-\dfrac{2}{3}+3-\dfrac{3}{4}+4-\dfrac{1}{4}-3-\dfrac{1}{3}-2-\dfrac{1}{2}-1\)
\(=\left(1-1\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(2-2\right)-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+\left(3-3\right)-\left(\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+4\)
\(=-1-1-1+4\)
=1
a) Ta có: −518+3245−910−518+3245−910
=−2590+6490−8190=−2590+6490−8190
=−4290=−715=−4290=−715
b) Ta có: (−14+5133−53)−(−1512+611−4229)(−14+5133−53)−(−1512+611−4229)
=−14+1711−53+54−611+4229=−14+1711−53+54−611+4229
=−53+4229=−53+4229
=−14587+12687=−1987=−14587+12687=−1987
c) Ta có: 1−12+2−23+3−34+4−14−3−13−2−12−11−12+2−23+3−34+4−14−3−13−2−12−1
=(1−1)−(12+12)+(2−2)−(23+13)+(3−3)−(34+14)+4=(1−1)−(12+12)+(2−2)−(23+13)+(3−3)−(34+14)+4
=−1−1−1+4=−1−1−1+4
=1
\(\dfrac{3}{14}\cdot\left(-49\right)=-\dfrac{21}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{-18}{25}=-\dfrac{27}{50}\)
\(1\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot3\dfrac{2}{9}=\dfrac{29}{9}\cdot\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{145}{27}\)
\(40\%\cdot\dfrac{20}{9}=\dfrac{40}{100}\cdot\dfrac{20}{9}=\dfrac{40}{45}=\dfrac{8}{9}\)
a, \(-49.\dfrac{3}{14}=-\dfrac{21}{2}\)
b, \(\dfrac{-18}{25}.\dfrac{3}{4}=-\dfrac{27}{50}\)
c, \(3\dfrac{2}{9}.1\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{29}{9}.\dfrac{5}{3}=\dfrac{145}{27}\)
d, \(\dfrac{20}{9}.40\%=\dfrac{20}{9}.\dfrac{40}{100}=\dfrac{8}{9}\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(A=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}+...+\frac{18}{3^{18}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 3A=3+1+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}+...+\frac{18}{3^{17}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 3A-A=3+\frac{2-1}{3}+\frac{3-2}{3^2}+\frac{4-3}{3^3}+..+\frac{18-17}{3^{17}}-\frac{18}{3^{18}}\)
\(2A=3+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{17}}-\frac{18}{3^{18}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 6A=9+1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+..+\frac{1}{3^{16}}-\frac{18}{3^{17}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 6A-2A=7-\frac{18}{3^{17}}-\frac{1}{3^{17}}+\frac{18}{3^{18}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4A=7+\frac{18}{3^{18}}-\frac{19}{3^{17}}=7-\frac{39}{3^{18}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{4}\left(7-\frac{39}{3^{18}}\right)\)