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Polyester is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories’ producing “Melinar” , the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies : like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in grant two-litre containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be re-used. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming.The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI’s commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
1.Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles
A. since 1982.
B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles.
C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them.
D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them.
2. Why is ICI’s Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?
A. The other things they make are not selling well.
B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.
C. They have factories which could be adapted to make it.
D. The price of oil keeps changing.
3. Why aren’t all bottles now made of polyester? (Câu này mk hk chắc)
A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.
B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.
C. The public like traditional glass bottles.
D. Shop keepers dislike re-usable bottles.
4. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they
A. are cheaper.
B. are more suited to small sizes.
C. are more exciting to look at.
D. do not break easily.
5. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans
A. have been used for many years.
B. are an idea that interests the plastics companies.
C. are possible, but only for hot food.
D. are the first things being made in the new factories.
V. Fill in the space in each following sentence with a suitable phrasal verb or a connective in the box.
,, ,, , ,,, ,, ,
1. Remember to....turn off....the cassette player before going to bed.
2. Scientists have found a way to produce silicon in long sheets similar to the way plastic for plastic bag is made today.....therefore .., the cost of unit of solar energy will soon fall.
3. The bus was full. We couldn't............
4. It's her duty to collect plastic bags...and...put different kinds of waste in places different
5. Many cells must be used to create a reasonable amount of electriciy........however...., technology can be developed to make the cell more efficient.
t plastic bags..put different 4.
6. People should use more solar energy.....because.......it is cheap, clean and unlimited.
7. If you don't pay your electricity bill soon, you will be.......cut off.....
8. We are working in the same school.....moreover........, we are close friends.
9. Our parents..look after..us very carefully.
10. Scientists are trying to....look for.......other energies.
11. She was interested in studying French,....but....she wasn't good at French.
12. It's dark in here, pleas....turn on......the lights.
In this section you will find after the passage a number of questions about the passage. You must choose the one which you think fits best . Write your answers in the spaces below (1.0pt)
Paper is named for papyrus, a reed like plant used by ancient Egyptians as writing material more than 5000 years ago. The Chinese invented the paper that we use 2000 years ago.
A piece of paper is really made up of tiny fibers, unlike a piece of material. The fibers used in paper, however, are plant fibers, and there are millions of them in one sheet. In addition to the plant fiber, dyes and additives such as resin may be used. Dyes can make the paper different colors; resin may add weight and texture.
Where do these fibers come from ? The majority of paper is made from the plant fiber that comes from trees. Millions are cut down, but new trees are planted in their place. Paper may be also made from things like old rags or pieces of cloth. Wastepaper, paper that has been made and used, can be turned into recycled paper. This recycling process saves forest, energy and reduces air and water pollution.
1. According to the passage, the paper that we use was first invented by
A. the Chinese B. the Egyptians C. ancient cultures D. foresters
2. What is the main ingredient in most paper ?
A. resin B. cardboard C. plant fiber D. papyrus
3. According to the passage, the primary source of the plant fiber used in paper is
A. rags B. trees C. fabric D. wastepaper
4. According to the passage, recycling paper is
A. bad for the environment C. good for the environment
B. wasteful D. economical
5. According to the passage, recycling paper does all of the following EXCEPT
A. reduce the need for ink C. save energy
B. save forests D. reduce air pollution
Levi Strauss ,a young.........(1) from Germany, arrived in San Francisco in 1850. California was in the middle of the Gold Rush, thousand of men were coming to California to dig for gold. And Levi Strauss came to sell canvas to these.....(2) Canvas is heavy fabric. So Levi Strauss thought the miners could use the canvas for tents.
One day Strauss heard a miner.........(3) that he couldn't find clothes.....(4) for the work he was doing Strauss got an idea. He quickly took some of his canvas and made it....(5) pants.These are pant were....(6) the miner needed. In on day Strauss sold all the pants he had made.
Strauss wanted to improve his pants. He wanted to make them avent better. He bought a fabric that was softer than canvas but just as strong. This fabric came from Nimes ,a city in France ,and was called serge de Nimes.The miners liked this fabric. They called it ''denime'' (from de Nimes) and bought even more pants from Strauss
However, denim had....(7) Because of this the denim pants did not look interesting and thay got dirty easily. To solve these problems ,Strauss made the denim blue.
Strauss continued to improve his jeans. Today ,the company he started is known around world and jeans are considered not just practical but very fashionable as well
1. A. immigrate B. immigrant C. immiigrate D. migrate
2. A. gold mines B. gold mining C. gold miners D. mining gold
3. A. complain B.tell C. ask D. talk
4.A.enough strong B.strong enough C.streng D. strength enough
5. A.from B. for C.into D. to
6. A.that B. what C. which D. No word is needed
7. A.colorful B.colorless C. no color D. color
8. The word ''to improve'' means..............
A. to make better B. to find more C. to take care D. to look after
9. The phrase ''around the world'' means...............
A. outside the world B. the world over C. near the world D. woldwide
10. People like jeans because thay are................
A. practical B. fashionable C. colorful D. A and B
Đáp án: A
Thông tin: On the day, most shops open extremely early and offer promotional sales to boost the consumption, which is similar to Boxing Day after Christmas Day in Britain and many Commonwealth nations.
Dịch: Vào ngày này, hầu hết các cửa hàng mở cửa cực kỳ sớm và cung cấp doanh số khuyến mại để tăng mức tiêu thụ, tương tự như Ngày Boxing sau Ngày Giáng sinh ở Anh và nhiều quốc gia Khối thịnh vượng chung.
Word form :
1. Those tourists love Vietnam for the __________friendliness______________ of its people.( friend)
2. It was strange to find _____tropical______ fruit for sale in London.( tropics)
3. Lan wants to become a fashion ___________designer_______ ( design)
4. Buses run _____frequently_________from the city center to the airport.(frequent)
5. The girls went to see ______famous______ places in Malaysia . ( fame)
6. In Malaysia ,_____________education______ is free.( educate)
7. Hanoi is not ______different__________ from Kuala Lumpur . ( difference)
8. What a _________colorful________ T-shirt ! ( color)
9. In the 18th century ,Jean cloth was made _______completely________ from cotton.( complete)
10. He is a famous stamp ______collector____ (collect )
1. He sat with his arms............his chest
A. across B.on C.upon D. along
2. The sun was ...........clouds
A. after B.in front of C. behind D. beside
3. The word jeans comes from a kind of material that...........in Europe
A. made B. has made C. was made D. is made
4. At first, jean cloth was made...............a mixture of things
A. called B. has called C. was called D .call
5. In the 18th century ,plantation workers wore jeans ...........completely from cotton
A. was made B. make C.made D. making
6. Cotton................with indigo a dyo taken from plants in the Americans India
A. was dyed B. dyed C. has dyed D. dye
7. Indigo...............jean cloth a dark blue color
A. was made B. maked C.made D.make
8. In 1886, Levi sewed a leather label..............their jeans
A. in B.on C. above D. at
9. During the time of the World War 2, ''waist overalls'' .........to the world by American soldiers
A. introduced B. were introduced C. have introduced D. are introduced
10. In the 1950's denim became popular .........young people
A. with B.to C. for D.of
Read the text below and complete it with the verbs in the box. Use “used to” or the present simple (e.g. he lives, they live, ect.)
The lives of Inuit people of North America have changed a lot in 50 years. First, their name: people (0) used to call them Eskimos, but now they are called Inuits, which means “the people”. They (1) _____used to live_____ in igloos in the winter but today, many of them live in houses in small towns. They (2) _____used to hunt_____ seals – they ate the meat and made clothes from fur. Many of the people still (3) _____wear_____ seal-skin clothes today because they are very warm. Remember, the weather is extremely cold for many months of the year. To move over the snow, they (4) _____used to wear_____ special snowshoes on their feet, but today many Inuits (5) ____drive______ snowmobiles. These machines can travel long distances in a short time. In the past it (6) ______used to take____ them days or weeks to travel the same distance. Inuit children never (7) _____used to go_____ to school – they learnt everything from their parents. But now, like all North Americans, they (8) _____have_____ about 10 years of school education. Life is not as hard as it (9) _____used to be_____, but many of the older Inuits (10) ______hate____ town life and want to go back to the old days.
Plastic is used to make many (1) …………products ……… today. The first man-made plastic, called (2) ……… Parkesine…………, was created from plant material in 1862. However, it was too (3) ……… expensive………… to make. In 1866, John Wesley Hyatt invented (4) …………Celluloid ……… He was trying to find a(n) (5) …………substitute……… for ivory, which was used to make billiard balls. Bakelite was (6) ……invented…………… in 1909. It was the first plastic to be made entirely from (7) ……artificial ………… materials. Today, most plastic is made from (8) …………petroleum ……… (9) ………unfortunately …………, this is bad for the (10) ………… environment ……… Therefore, people are still looking for alternatives.
1 products
2 Parkesine
3 expensive
4 Celluloid
5 substitute
6 invented
7 artificial
8 petroleum
9 unfortunately
10 environment