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Oxit kim loại : R2On
\(\%R = \dfrac{2R}{2R + 16n}.100\% = 60\%\\ \Rightarrow R = 12n\)
Với n = 2 thì R = 24(Magie)
Vậy oxit là MgO
\(MgO+ H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2O\\ n_{MgSO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{MgO} = \dfrac{20}{40} = 0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} =\dfrac{0,5.98}{10\%} = 490(gam)\\ m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 20 + 490 = 510(gam)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4} = \dfrac{0,5.120}{510}.100\% = 11,76\%\)
\(n_{HCl} = 1,5V(mol) ; n_{H_2SO_4}= V(mol) ; n_{HNO_3} = 0,5V(mol)\\ n_{CuO} = \dfrac{32}{80} = 0,4(mol)\\ CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O\\ CuO + H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + H_2O\\ CuO + 2HNO_3 \to Cu(NO_3)_2 + H_2O\\ n_{CuO} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} + n_{H_2SO_4} + \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HNO_3}\\ \Rightarrow 0,4 = 0,5.1,5V + V + 0,5V.0,5\\ \Rightarrow V = 0,2(lít)\)
a) \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b) Gọi x,y là số mol Al, Fe
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=0,83\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{29}{5700};y=\dfrac{47}{3800}\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{27}{5700}.27}{0,83}.100=16,55\%\); \(\%m_{Fe}=100-16,55=83,45\%\)
c)Bảo toàn nguyên tố H: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,02.98}{200}.100=0,98\%\)
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 + H2
0,1---->0,1------->0,1---->0,1
=> \(m_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)
b) mdd sau pư = 2,4 + 200 - 0,1.2 = 202,2 (g)
mMgSO4 = 0,1.120 = 12 (g)
\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{12}{202,2}.100\%=5,9\%\)
c)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,25}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo H2
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
0,05<-----0,05
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)
a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2
0,1--->0,1---------->0,1-------->0,1
\(m_{dd\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\)
b, \(m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=2,4+200-0,2.2=202,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{202,2}.100\%=5,93\%\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
LTL: 0,25 > 0,1 => CuO dư
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3,2}{64}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pt: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}.100\%=50\%\)
\(a)V_{dd\ axit} = a(lít)\\ n_{HCl} = 0,4a(mol) ; n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,1a(mol)\Rightarrow n_{H^+} = 0,4a + 0,1a.2 =0,6a(mol)\\ n_O = \dfrac{37,5.64\%}{16} = 1,5(mol)\\ 2H^+ + O^{2-} \to H_2O\\ \Rightarrow 1,5.2 = 0,6a \Rightarrow a = 5(lít)\\ b) n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{H^+} = 0,5.0,6.5 = 1,5(mol)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{muối} = 37,5 + 0,4.5.36,5 + 0,1.5.98 - 1,5.18 = 132,5(gam)\)
a) Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2↑ + 2H2O
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{SO_2}=n_{Cu}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{20,8}.100=61,54\%\); \(\%m_{CuO}=38,46\%\)
b) \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20,8-12,8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.2+0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5.98}{80\%}=61,25\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=0,3.160=48\left(g\right)\)
nHCl=0,6 mol
FeO+2HCl-->FeCl2+ H2O
x mol x mol
Fe2O3+6HCl-->2FeCl3+3H2O
x mol 2x mol
72x+160x=11,6 =>x=0,05 mol
A/ CFeCl2=0,05/0,3=1/6 M
CFeCl3=0,1/0,3=1/3 M
CHCl du=(0,6-0,4)/0,3=2/3 M
B/
NaOH+ HCl-->NaCl+H2O
0,2 0,2
2NaOH+FeCl2-->2NaCl+Fe(OH)2
0,1 0,05
3NaOH+FeCl3-->3NaCl+Fe(OH)3
0,3 0,1
nNaOH=0,6
CNaOH=0,6/1,5=0,4M