Cho 3 số dương a,b,c biết 0≤ a ≤ b ≤ c ≤ 1
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{a}{bc+1}+\dfrac{b}{ac+1}+\dfrac{c}{ab+1}\) ≤ 2
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Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{y}{x};\dfrac{z}{y};\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{y}{x}\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{z}{y}\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{x}{z}\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+1\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Ta có: \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-a\ge0\\1-b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow1-b-a+ab\ge0\Leftrightarrow1+ab\ge a+b\)(1)
Tiếp tục chứng minh ta được: \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1\ge c\\ab\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)(2)
Cộng theo vế pt(1) với pt(2) ta được:
\(1+ab+1+ab\ge a+b+c+0\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(ab+1\right)\ge a+b+c\)
Nên: \(\dfrac{c}{ab+1}=\dfrac{2c}{2\left(ab+1\right)}\le\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Chứng minh tương tự suy ra đpcm
Câu hỏi của Phạm Quốc Anh - Toán lớp 7 - Học toán với OnlineMath
\(VT=\dfrac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ca}{c+a}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}{a+b}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{c+a}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{c+a}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}\ge2\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}\ge2\left(b+c\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(abc=1\) nên tồn tại các số dương x;y;z sao cho \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{x}{y};\dfrac{y}{z};\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\dfrac{y}{x+2y}+\dfrac{z}{y+2z}+\dfrac{x}{z+2x}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2y}{x+2y}-1+\dfrac{2z}{y+2z}-1+\dfrac{2x}{z+2x}-1\le2-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+2y}+\dfrac{y}{y+2z}+\dfrac{z}{z+2x}\ge1\)
Điều này đúng do:
\(VT=\dfrac{x^2}{x^2+2xy}+\dfrac{y^2}{y^2+2yz}+\dfrac{z^2}{z^2+2xz}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx}=1\)
Đặt vế trái là P
\(P=\dfrac{1.c+ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{1.a+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{1.b+ac}{a+c}=\dfrac{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}{a+c}\)
\(P=\dfrac{ac+c^2+bc+ab}{a+b}+\dfrac{a^2+ac+ab+bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab+ac+b^2+bc}{a+c}\)
\(P=\dfrac{c\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{a\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}=2\left(a+c\right)\) (1)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(b+c\right)\) (2)
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b\right)\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1);(2);(3):
\(2.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+2.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+2.\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+b}\ge2\left(a+b\right)+2\left(b+c\right)+2\left(c+a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a+c}\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)=2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)