cho \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)(a,b,c thuộc R;khác 0)
tính:\(P=\frac{a^4}{b^4}+\frac{b^4}{c^4}+\frac{c^{2016}}{a^{2016}}\)
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\(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\\ Vì\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\in R\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\forall b,c\in R\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall c,a\in R\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=b=c\\ Khiđó:A=0\)
(a+b+c/3)2= a2+b2+(c/3)2+2ab+2/3ac+2/3bc
* a2+b2+(c/3)2 \(\ge\)0
=> a2+b2+(c/3)2+2ab+2/3ac+2/3bc\(\ge\)2ab+2/3ac+2/3bc
mà 2ab+2/3ac+2/3bc\(\ge\)ab+bc+ca
=> a2+b2+(c/3)2+2ab+2/3ac+2/3bc\(\ge\)ab+bc+ca
=> (a+b+c/3)2\(\ge\)ab+bc+ca
trả lời:
(a+b+c/3)2= a2+b2+(c/3)2+2ab+2/3ac+2/3bc
* a2+b2+(c/3)2 \ge≥0
=> a2+b2+(c/3)2+2ab+2/3ac+2/3bc\ge≥2ab+2/3ac+2/3bc
mà 2ab+2/3ac+2/3bc\ge≥ab+bc+ca
=> a2+b2+(c/3)2+2ab+2/3ac+2/3bc\ge≥ab+bc+ca
=> (a+b+c/3)2\ge≥ab+bc+ca
\(A=a+b+c+\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2-2\ge-2\)
\(A_{min}=-2\) khi \(a+b+c=-1\) (có vô số bộ a;b;c thỏa mãn điều này)
Với mọi a;b;c ta luôn có:
\(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge2\left(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12\ge2A\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le6\)
\(A_{max}=6\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có A=\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-abc\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
=\(2\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}-\frac{ab}{c}-\frac{bc}{a}-\frac{ca}{b}=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(A=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)+3ab\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]+6a^2b^2=a^2-ab+b^2+3ab\left(1-2ab\right)+6a^2b^2\)
=\(\left(a+b\right)^2-3ab+3ab-6a^2b^2+6a^2b^2=1\)
2) Ta có \(A=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)=abc-ab-bc-ca+a+b+c-1=0\)
Đề bài sai
Phản ví dụ: với \(a=b=c=-2\) thì \(a^2+b^2+c^2+abc+4< 2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3+a^2b+a^2c+ab^2+b^2+b^2c+ac^2+bc^2+c^3+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2+2ab^2c+2a^2bc+2abc^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac-\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3+a^2b+a^2c+ab^2+b^3+b^2c+ac^2+bc^2+c^3+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2-2ab^2c+2a^2bc+2abc^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+ac+bc}\)
a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ca
=>2.(a2+b2+c2)=2.(ab+bc+ca)
<=>a2+2b2+2c2=2ab+2bc+2ca
<=>2a2+2b2+2c2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0
<=>a2-2ab+b2+b2-2bc+c2+c2-2ca+a2=0
<=>(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2=0
<=>a-b=0 và b-c=0 và c-a=0
<=>a=b và b=c và c=a
=> a=b=c
mà a;b;c khác 0 nên
P=1+1+1=3
a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ca => 2. (a2 + b2 + c2 )= 2.( ab + bc + ca)
<=> (a2 - 2ab + b2) + (b2 - 2bc + c2) + (c2 - 2ca + a2) = 0
<=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2 = 0 <=> (a - b)2 = (b - c)2 = (c - a)2 = 0 (Vì (a - b)2 \(\ge\) 0; ( b - c)2 \(\ge\)0 ; (c - a)2 \(\ge\) 0
<=> a = b = c
=> \(P=\frac{a^4}{a^4}+\frac{b^4}{b^4}+\frac{a^{2016}}{a^{2016}}=1+1+1=3\)