x,y,z>0;xyz=1.
CMR:A=1/(x^2+x+1)+1/(y^2+y+1)+1/(z^2+z+1) >= 1
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Xét hiệu: (x+y)(y+z)(z+x)-8xyz=0
(=) (x+y)>=2√xy
(y+z)>=2√yz
(z+x)>=2√zx
(=) (x+y)(y+z)(z+x)>=8√x^2 y^2 z^2
(=) (x+y)(y+z)(x+z)>=8|x| |y| |z|
(=) ( x+y)(y+z)(z+x)>= 8xyz
Ta có:
\(\frac{x}{x+1}=1-\frac{1}{x+1}\)
\(\frac{y}{y+1}=1-\frac{y}{y+1}\)
\(\frac{z}{z+4}=1-\frac{4}{z+4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+4}=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{4}{z+4}\right)\)
\(\le\left[3-\left(\frac{4}{x+y+2}+\frac{4}{z+4}\right)\right]\le\left(3-\frac{16}{x+y+z+6}\right)=3-\frac{16}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\)
vì x,y,z>0 nên áp dụng bđt côsi ta có
x+y >= 2\(\sqrt{xy}\)
y+z >= 2\(\sqrt{yz}\)
z+x >= 2\(\sqrt{xz}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)(x+y)(y+z)(z+x) >= 8\(\sqrt{x^2y^2z^2}\)
>= 8xyz
Dấu = xảy ra <=> x=y=z
Ta có :\(\frac{x}{4y+z}=\frac{y}{4z+x}=\frac{z}{4x+y}=\frac{x+y+z}{4y+z+4z+x+4x+y}=\frac{x+y+z}{5\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{1}{5}\)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{4y+z}=\frac{1}{5}\\\frac{y}{4z+x}=\frac{1}{5}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{4y+z}=\frac{1}{5}\\\frac{4z+x}{y}=5\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó A = 2019 - 1/5 + 5 = 2023,8
\(\frac{x}{4y+z}=\frac{y}{4z+x}=\frac{z}{4x+y}=\frac{x+y+z}{4y+z+4z+x+4x+y}=\frac{x+y+z}{5\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{1}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{4y+z}=\frac{1}{5}\\\frac{y}{4z+x}=\frac{1}{5}\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{4y+z}=\frac{1}{5}\\\frac{4z+x}{y}=5\end{cases}}}\)
Khi đó \(A=2019-\frac{1}{5}+5=2013,8\)
\(P=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}=\frac{9}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
\(\frac{x}{x+2}+\frac{y}{y+2}=2-2\left(\frac{1}{x+2}+\frac{1}{y+2}\right)\le2-2.\frac{4}{x+2+y+2}=2-\frac{8}{4-z}\)
Cần CM: \(2-\frac{8}{4-z}+\frac{z}{z+8}\le\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{8\left(z-2\right)^2}{3\left(4-z\right)\left(z+8\right)}\ge0\)
bđt trên đúng do \(4-z=\left(x+2\right)+\left(y+2\right)>0\)
Đặt a = x + 1 > 0 ; b = y + 1 > 0 ; c = z + 4 > 0
a + b + c = 6
\(A=\frac{a-1}{a}+\frac{b-1}{b}+\frac{c-4}{c}=3-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)\)
Theo Bất Đẳng Thức ta có: \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{4}{c}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{c}\ge\frac{16}{a+b+c}=\frac{8}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{3}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\a+b=c\\a+b+c=6\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=\frac{3}{2}\\c=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=\frac{1}{2}\\z=-1\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy MaxA = 1/3 khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=\frac{1}{2}\\z=-1\end{cases}}\)