chung minh
\(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}\ge\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{ab}}\)
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Đặt a-1=x, b-1=y (\(x,y>\frac{\sqrt{5}-3}{2}\))
=> \(xy=1\)
VT= \(\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2+x}+\frac{1}{\left(y+1\right)^2+y}=\frac{1}{\left(\frac{1}{y}+1\right)^2+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{1}{\left(y+1\right)^2+y}=\frac{y^2+1}{\left(y+1\right)^2+y}\)\(=\frac{2}{5}-\frac{3\left(y-1\right)^2}{\left(y+1\right)^2+y}\ge\frac{2}{5}\)(do \(\left(y+1\right)^2+y=b^2+b-1>0\))
Dấu bằng khi \(x=y=1\)=> \(a=b=2\)
đơn giản hơn cách của quý đây
a+b=ab => \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=1\)Đặt \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{y}=b\)
Khi đó \(\frac{1}{a^2+a-1}=\frac{1}{\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+\frac{1}{x}-1}=\frac{x^2}{1+x-x^2}\)
Chứng minh tương tự với b
=> Đặt A=\(\frac{1}{a^2+a-1}+\frac{1}{b^2+b-1}=\frac{x^2}{1+x-x^2}+\frac{y^2}{1+y-y^2}\)
Cauchy-Schwarz và nhớ: x+y=1 và x2+y2 >=1/2
OK
4.
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
5.
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{bc.ca}}=\frac{2}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{ab}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bc}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{ca}\right)^2\ge\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}.\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
2.
\(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt[]{\frac{ab.bc}{ca}}=2b\) ; \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2c\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
3.
Từ câu b, thay \(c=1\) ta được:
\(ab+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\ge a+b+1\)
\(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}\ge\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{ab}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{ab}}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a+1}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{ab}}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{b+1}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{ab}}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{ab}-a}{\left(a+1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{ab}-b}{\left(b+1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{\left(b+1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(b+1\right)+\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b}-b\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a}\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(1+\sqrt{ab}\right)}\ge0\)(đúng với \(ab\ge1\))
Vậy \(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}\ge\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{ab}}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b
Với a,b,c \(\ge\) 0, ta có:
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{bc}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{ca}}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
#: Lỡ hẹn với Mincopxki rồi xài cách khác vậy :(
Đặt \(a=\frac{2x}{3};b=\frac{2y}{3};c=\frac{2z}{3}\)
Khi đó ta có \(xy+yz+xz\ge3\) và cần chứng minh
\(Σ_{cyc}\sqrt{\frac{4x^2}{9}+\frac{9}{\left(2y+3\right)^2}}\ge\frac{\sqrt{181}}{5}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:\(Σ_{cyc}\sqrt{\frac{4x^2}{9}+\frac{9}{\left(2y+3\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{15}{\sqrt{181}}Σ_{cyc}\sqrt{\left(\frac{4}{9}+\frac{9}{25}\right)\left(\frac{4x^2}{9}+\frac{9}{\left(2y+3\right)^2}\right)}\ge\frac{15}{\sqrt{181}}Σ_{cyc}\left(\frac{4x}{9}+\frac{9}{5\left(2y+3\right)}\right)\)
Giờ chỉ cần chứng minh \(\frac{15}{\sqrt{181}}Σ_{cyc}\left(\frac{4x}{9}+\frac{9}{5\left(2y+3\right)}\right)\ge\frac{\sqrt{181}}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow20\left(x+y+z\right)+81\left(\frac{1}{2x+3}+\frac{1}{2y+3}+\frac{1}{2z+3}\right)\ge\frac{543}{5}\)
Đặt tiếp \(x+y+z=3u;xy+yz+xz=3v^2\left(v>0\right)\)
Vì thế \(u\ge v\ge1\)và áp dụng BĐT C-S dạng Engel ta có:
\(20\left(x+y+z\right)+81\left(\frac{1}{2x+3}+\frac{1}{2y+3}+\frac{1}{2z+3}\right)-\frac{543}{5}\)
\(\ge20\left(x+y+z\right)+81\cdot\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{Σ_{cyc}\left(2x+3\right)}-\frac{543}{5}=60u+\frac{729}{6u+9}-\frac{543}{5}\)
\(=3\left(20u+\frac{81}{2u+3}-\frac{181}{5}\right)=\frac{6\left(u-1\right)\left(100u+69\right)}{5\left(2u+3\right)}\ge0\)
Điều này đúng tức là ta có ĐPCM
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Mincpoxki \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2}\)
(có thể chứng minh bằng biến đổi tương đương)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}+\sqrt{c^2+\frac{1}{c^2}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}\)
Xét biểu thức trong căn.
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{16}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{65}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2.\frac{16}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}+\frac{65}{2^2}=\frac{97}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{\sqrt{97}}{2}.\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi 3 biến bằng nhau.