a/ Tính thể tích
b/ Tính khối lượng mỗi muối thu được
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\(n_{Mg}=a;n_{Fe}=0,5a;n_{Zn}=b\\ a\left(24+28\right)+65b=52a+65b=44,2\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{24,64}{22,4}1,1\\ a=0,6;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24a}{44,2}=32,58\%\\ \%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{28a}{44,2}=38\%\\ \%m_{Zn}=29,42\%\\ m_{ddacid}=\dfrac{98\left(1,5a+b\right)}{0,08}=1347,5g\\ m_{ddsau}=1389,5g\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{95a}{1389,5}=4,10\%\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{127.0,5a}{1389,5}=2,74\%\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{136b}{1389,5}=1,96\%\)
a)
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$
$n_{HCl} = 0,45.2 = 0,9(mol)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,45(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08(lít)$
b)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
$m_{muối} = 21,3 + 0,9.36,5 - 0,45.2 = 53,25(gam)$
Nhận thấy : n HCl = 2 n H 2 = 2 x 3,136/22,4 = 0,28 mol
Theo định luật bảo toàn khối lượng có :
Khối lượng muối = 5,1 + 0,28.36,5 - 0,14.2 = 15,04 (gam)
Bài 1:
\(n_{HCl}=2.0,16=0,32\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
\(m_{H_2}=0,16.2=0,32\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL ta có: \(m_{MgCl_2+FeCl_2}=1,4+11,68-0,32=12,76\left(g\right)\)
Bài 12:
Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:
\(m_{hhkl}+m_{O_2}=m_{hh.oxit}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,9+m_{O_2}=18,3\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{O_2}=18,3-11,9=6,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
Gọi nFe = a (mol); nMg = b (mol)
56a + 24b = 8 (1)
nH2 = 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
a ---> a ---> a ---> a
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
b ---> b ---> b ---> b
a + b = 0,2 (2)
(1)(2) => a = b = 0,1 (mol)
mFe = 0,1 . 56 = 5,6 (g)
%mFe = 5,6/8 = 70%
%mMg = 100% - 70% = 30%
nHCl = 0,1 . 2 + 0,1 . 2 = 0,4 (mol)
CMddHCl = 0,4/0,1 = 4M
a, \(n_{H_2}=n_C=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2CH3COOH + Mg ---> (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
0,2<-------0,1<---------0,1<--------------0,1
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{MgO}=8,4-2,4=6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ n_{MgO}=\dfrac{6}{40}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{8,4}.100\%=28,57\%\\\%m_{MgO}=100\%-28,57\%=71,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PTHH: MgO + 2CH3COOH ---> (CH3COO)2Mg + H2O
0,15---->0,3----------------->0,15
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddB}=8,4+\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,3\right).60}{9\%}-0,1.2=341,53\left(g\right)\\m_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg}=\left(0,15+0,1\right).142=35,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg}=\dfrac{35,5}{341,53}.100\%=10,4\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=21,4\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{21,4}.100=39,25\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-39,25\%=60,75\%\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05g\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2g\)
Câu 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.91362}{22.4}=0.13mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2b 3b b 3b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+54b=2.58\\a+3b=0.13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.04\\b=0.03\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.04\times24=0.96g\)
\(m_{Al}=0.03\times2\times27=1.62g\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.04+3\times0.03}{0.5}=0.26l\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.136}{22.4}=0.14mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=4.96\\a+b=0.14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.09\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.09\times24=2.16g\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.05\times56=2.8g\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.14\times98\times100}{200}=6.86\%\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.568}{22.4}=0.07mol\)
\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}137a+24b=3.94\\a+b=0.07\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.02\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Ba}=0.02\times137=2.74g\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.05\times24=1.2g\)
\(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.07}{0.1}=0.7M\)
Ta có: 56nFe + 24nMg = 13,6 (1)
PT: \(Fe+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Fe+H_2\)
\(Mg+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=2n_{Fe}+2n_{Mg}=\dfrac{100.36\%}{60}=0,6\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}+n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Fe}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Fe}=0,2.174=34,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Mg}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)