Cho a>0,b>0,c>0,chứng minh:\(\frac{a}{b}\)+\(\frac{b}{c}\)+\(\frac{c}{a}\)\(\ge\)3
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BĐT phụ:\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\left(true\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\) ( đpcm )
Vậy.......
Xét hiệu:
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}-\frac{b}{a}-\frac{c}{b}-\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a-c}{b}+\frac{b-a}{c}+\frac{c-b}{a}\)
\(=\frac{ca.\left(a-c\right)}{abc}+\frac{ab.\left(b-a\right)}{abc}+\frac{bc.\left(c-b\right)}{abc}\)\(=\frac{a^2c-c^2a}{abc}+\frac{b^2a-a^2b}{abc}+\frac{c^2b-b^2c}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{a^2c-c^2a+b^2a-a^2b+c^2b-b^2c}{abc}\)\(=\frac{\left(a^2c-b^2c\right)+\left(-c^2a+c^2b\right)+\left(b^2a-a^2b\right)}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{c.\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-c^2.\left(a-b\right)-ab.\left(a-b\right)}{abc}\)\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left[c.\left(a+b\right)-c^2-ab\right]}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ac+bc-c^2-ab\right)}{abc}\)\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left[\left(ac-c^2\right)+\left(bc-ab\right)\right]}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left[c.\left(a-c\right)-b.\left(a-c\right)\right]}{abc}\)\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}{abc}\)
ta thấy \(a\ge b\ge c>0\Rightarrow abc>0\)
\(a-b\ge0\left(a\ge b\right);a-c\ge0\left(a\ge b\ge c\right);c-b\le0\left(b\ge c\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)\le0\)
\(\text{Suy ra: }\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)}{abc}\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\le\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\)
có thể sai đề
\(\frac{a^4}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b^4}{b\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c^4}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
ap dung bdt cauchy -schwaz dang engel ta co
\(\frac{a^4}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b^4}{b\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c^4}{c\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)\(\)
ma \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{1}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)
dau =xay ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
a) Giả sử:
\(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{4}\ge ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{4}-ab\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng )
=> đpcm
b, Bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho các cặp số dương \(\frac{bc}{a}\)và \(\frac{ca}{b};\frac{bc}{a}\)và \(\frac{ab}{c};\frac{ca}{b}\)và \(\frac{ab}{c}\)
Ta lần lượt có : \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge\sqrt[2]{\frac{bc}{a}.\frac{ca}{b}}=2c;\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge\sqrt[2]{\frac{bc}{a}.\frac{ab}{c}}=2b;\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge\sqrt[2]{\frac{ca}{b}.\frac{ab}{c}}\)
Cộng từng vế ta đc bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh . Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
c, Với các số dương \(3a\) và \(5b\), Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có \(\frac{3a+5b}{2}\ge\sqrt{3a.5b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a+5b\right)^2\ge4.15P\)( Vì \(P=a.b\))
\(\Leftrightarrow12^2\ge60P\)\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{12}{5}\Rightarrow maxP=\frac{12}{5}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(3a=5b=12:2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=2;b=\frac{6}{5}\)
Ta có: \(VT=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{c^2}{ca+cb}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
Đặt \(f\left(a,b,c\right)=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)và \(t=\frac{a+b}{2}\)
Khi đó thì \(f\left(t,t,c\right)=\frac{t}{t+c}+\frac{t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}=\frac{2t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}\)
Ta có: \(f\left(a,b,c\right)=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}{c^2+ab+c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)\(=\frac{4\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4c\left(a+b\right)}{4c^2+4ab+4c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(a+b\right)^2+4c\left(a+b\right)}{4c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2+4c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)\(=\frac{8t^2+8tc}{4c^2+4t^2+8tc}+\frac{c}{2t}\)
\(=\frac{2t^2+2tc}{c^2+t^2+2tc}+\frac{c}{2t}=\frac{2t\left(t+c\right)}{\left(t+c\right)^2}+\frac{c}{2t}\)\(=\frac{2t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}=f\left(t,t,c\right)\)
Do đó \(f\left(a,b,c\right)\ge f\left(t,t,c\right)\)
Ta cần chứng minh: \(f\left(t,t,c\right)=\frac{2t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(t-c\right)^2}{2t\left(t+c\right)}\ge0\)(đúng)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
a) \(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{4}-ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng \(\forall a,b\) )
=>đpcm
Cô si
\(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a}\cdot\frac{ca}{b}}=2c\)
\(\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b}\cdot\frac{ab}{c}}=2a\)
\(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c}\cdot\frac{bc}{a}}=2b\)
Cộng lại ta có:
\(2\left(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ca}{b}+\frac{ab}{c}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}=3.\sqrt[3]{1}=3\)
đpcm
Vì \(a,b,c>0\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b};\frac{b}{c};\frac{c}{a}>0\)nên áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}=3.\sqrt[3]{1}=3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vậy với \(a,b,c>0\)thì \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge3\)