Tính tổng: B= 4+\(2^2\)+\(2^3\)+....+\(2^{20}\)
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A = 4 + (22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 220)
A - 4 = 22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 220
2(A - 4) = 23 + 24 + 25 + ... + 221
A - 4 = 2(A - 4) - (A - 4) = (23 + 24 + 25 + ... + 221) - (22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 220)
A - 4 = (23 - 23) + (24 - 24) + ... + (220 - 220) + (221 - 22)
A - 4 = 221 - 4
A = 221 - 4 + 4
A = 221
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\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{62}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2.\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{62}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{63}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A-A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{63}-\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{62}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{63}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{62}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=2^{63}-1\)
\(B=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{21}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B-B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{21}-1-3-3^2-...3^{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow2B=3^{21}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{3^{21}-1}{2}\)
\(C=1+4+4^2+...+4^{49}\)
\(\Rightarrow4C=4+4^2+4^3+...+4^{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow4C-C=4+4^2+4^3+...+4^{50}-1-4-4^2-...-4^{49}\)
\(\Rightarrow3C=4^{50}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{4^{50}-1}{3}\)
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b) 1- 3 + 2 - 4 + 3 - 6 + ... . + 20 - 23
=(1- 3) +( 2 - 4) + (3 - 6 )+ ... . + (20 - 23)
=-2+(-2)+(-2)+(-2)+...........+(-2)có 12 số hạng
=-2. 12
=-48
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= (1 - 2) + (3 - 4) + (5 - 6) + ... + (19 - 20) ( có tất cả 10 cặp )
= -1 + (-1) + (-1) + ... + (-1)
= (-1) . 10
= -10
b)
A= ( 1-2 ) + ( 3-4 ) +.....+ ( 99 - 100 )
A= (-1) + (-1) + ....... + (-1) [CÓ 50 SỐ ( -1 )]
A=-50
B = 2^2 + 2^2 +2^3 +........+2^20= 2 x 2^2 + 2^3 +............+2^20 = 2^3 + 2^3 +........+2^20
tg tự ta đc B = 2^21