Chứng tỏ:
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+a}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+b+a}>1\)
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a, \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{ad}{bd};\frac{c}{d}=\frac{bc}{bd}\)
Mà \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{ad}{bd}< \frac{bc}{bd}\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
b, Theo câu a ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\Rightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\Rightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\left(1\right)\)
Lại có: \(ad< bc\Rightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\Rightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm
a, \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{ad}{bd};\frac{c}{d}=\frac{bc}{bd}\)
Mà \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{ad}{bd}< \frac{bc}{bd}\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
b, Theo câu a, ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\Rightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\Rightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\)(1)
Lại có: \(ad< bc\Rightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\Rightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm.
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}.\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta được:
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{c-a}{d-b}.\)
Lại có: \(d>c>b>a.\)
\(\Rightarrow d-b>a-c\)
\(\Rightarrow a+d>b+c\left(đpcm\right).\)
Chúc bạn học tốt!
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}\)=\(\frac{c}{d}\)=\(\frac{c-a}{d-b}\)
Mà d>c>b>a\(\Rightarrow\)d-b>c-a⇒d+a>c+b⇒Điều cần chứng minh
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\)\(\Rightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\)\(\Rightarrow a.\left(b+d\right)< b.\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\)\(\Rightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\)\(\Rightarrow d.\left(a+c\right)< c.\left(b+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
Có \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\left(b,d>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+ad< ab+bc\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (vì b, b + d > 0) (1)
Có \(ad< bc\)
\(\Rightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\)
\(\Rightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\) (vì b + d, d > 0) (2)
Từ (1)(2) => \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\left(1\right)\)
Cộng 2 vế của (1) với ab
ad+ab<bc+ab
a(b+d)<b(a+c) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\left(2\right)\)
Cộng 2 vế của (1) với cd: ad+cd<bc+cd
d(a+c)<c(b+d) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\left(3\right)\)
Từ (2) và (3) suy ra \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
Đpcm
b)Theo phần a có:
\(-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{2}{7}< -\frac{1}{4}\)
\(-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{2}{7}\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{3}{10}< -\frac{2}{7}\)
\(-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{3}{10}\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{4}{13}< -\frac{3}{10}\)
Vậy \(-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{4}{13}< -\frac{3}{10}< -\frac{2}{7}< -\frac{1}{4}\)
a) Giả sử: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (1)
\(\Rightarrow a.\left(b+d\right)< b.\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+ad< ba+bc\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\) (đúng vì \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\) )
Vậy (1) là đúng. (3)
Giả sử: \(\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\) (2)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right).d< \left(b+d\right).c\)
\(\Rightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\) (đúng vì \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\) )
Vậy (2) đúng. (4)
Từ (3) và (4) suy ra:
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\) (đpcm)
b) \(\frac{-1}{3}< \frac{-2}{7}< \frac{-3}{11},< \frac{-4}{15}< \frac{-1}{4}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}>\frac{b}{a+d+c+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+b+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 1\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b+d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{c+a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{d+b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c+a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d+b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{2a+2b+2c+2d}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\) (2)
Từ (1)(2) => \(1< \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\) (đpcm)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\left(3\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b+a}{a+b+c+d}\left(4\right)\)
\(\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\left(5\right)\)
\(\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{d}{b+d+a}< \frac{d+c}{a+b+c+d}\left(6\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế (3);(4);(5);(6) ta có:
\(1< \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đặt A = a/a+b+c + b/b+c+d + c/c+d+a + d/d+a+b
A > a/a+b+c+d + b/a+b+c+d + c/a+b+c+d + d+a+b+c+d
A > a+b+c+d/a+b+c+d = 1 (1)
Áp dụng a/b < 1 <=> a/b < a+m/b+m (a;b;m > 0) ta có:
A < a+d/a+b+c+d + a+b/a+b+c+d + b+c/a+b+c+d + c+d/a+b+c+d
A < 2.(a+b+c+d)/a+b+c+d
A < 2
Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm
nguồn:soyeon_Tiểubàng giải
+ \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}=1\) (1)
+ Ta c/m : Nếu \(\frac{m}{n}< 1\) thì \(\frac{m}{n}< \frac{m+x}{n+x}\)
+ Ta có : \(\frac{m}{n}< 1\Leftrightarrow m< n\Leftrightarrow mx< nx\) ( m,n,x > 0 )
\(\Leftrightarrow mn+mx< mn+nx\Leftrightarrow m\left(n+x\right)< n\left(m+x\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{m}{n}< \frac{m+x}{n+x}\)
Áp dụng kết quả trên :
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b+c+d}\) \(=\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\) (2)
+ Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{b}{b+c+a}>\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{d}{d+b+a}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+a}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+b+a}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+a}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+b+a}>1\left(đpcm\right)\)