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\(\text{Đặt }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\text{Theo đề ta có HPT: }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=8,3\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot27}{8,3}\approx32,53\%\\\%_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1\cdot133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{muối}=13,35+12,7=26,05\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=t\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=r\left(mol\right)\\ \left(t,r>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27t+56r=8,3\\1,5t+r=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=0,1\\r=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddFeCl_2}=127.0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=300.1,15=345\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=8,3+345-0,25.2=352,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{352,8}.100\approx1,035\%\\ C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{13,35}{352,8}.100\approx3,784\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{352,8}.100\approx3,6\%\)
Đáp án C
Gọi a, b là số mol của Al và Fe trong 8,3 g hỗn hợp ban đầu
\(a) n_{Mg}= a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 27b =2,55(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a = b = 0,05\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,05.24}{2,55}.100\% = 47,06\%\ ;\ \%m_{Al} =100\% -47,06\% = 52,94\%\\ b) n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,125.2 = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,25.36,5}{7,3\%} = 125(gam)\\ V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{125}{1,2} = 104,17(ml)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=21,4\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{21,4}.100=39,25\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-39,25\%=60,75\%\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05g\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2g\)
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2 (1)
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 (2)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,792}{22,4}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của Zn và Al
a. Theo PT(1): \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}y\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,8\) (*)
Theo đề, ta có: 65x + 27y = 3,79 (**)
Từ (*) và (**), ta có HPT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,8\\65x+27y=3,79\end{matrix}\right.\)
(Ra số âm, bn xem lại đề nhé.)
`2Fe + 6H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 6H_2 O + 3SO_2 \uparrow`
`0,1` `0,15` `(mol)`
`2Ag + 2H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Ag_2 SO_4 + 2H_2 O + SO_2 \uparrow`
`0,2` `0,1` `(mol)`
`n_[SO_2]=[5,6]/[22,4]=0,25(mol)`
Gọi `n_[Fe]=x` ; `n_[Ag]=y`
`=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} 56x+108y=27,2\\ \dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.$
`<=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x=0,1\\ y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.$
`a)%m_[Fe]=[0,1.56]/[27,2] .100~~20,59%`
`=>%m_[Ag]~~100-20,59~~79,41%`
`b)n_[SO_2]=0,15+0,1=0,25(mol)`
`n_[NaOH]=0,5.0,8=0,4(mol)`
Ta có:`T=[0,4]/[0,25]=1,6 ->` Tạo muối `Na_2 SO_3` và `NaHSO_3`
`SO_2 + 2NaOH -> Na_2 SO_3 + H_2 O`
`SO_2 + NaOH -> NaHSO_3`
Gọi `n_[Na_2 SO_3]=x ; n_[NaHSO_3]=y`
`=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x+y=0,25\\ 2x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.$
`<=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x=0,15\\ y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.$
`=>C_[M_[Na_2 SO_3]]=[0,15]/[0,5]=0,3(M)`
`=>C_[M_[NaHSO_3]]=[0,1]/[0,5]=0,2(M)`
Lần sau chú ý dùng dấu \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}\right.\) ha, dấu \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}\right.\) có ý nghĩa là xảy ra một trong các trường hợp còn dấu \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\\\end{matrix}\right.\) có ý nghĩa là đồng thời xảy ra
Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 27a + 56b = 11,1 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----------------------->1,5a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------------------------>b
=> 1,5a + b = 0,3 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1; b = 0,15
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{11,1}.100\%=24,32\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{11,1}.100\%=75,68\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\xrightarrow[]{}FeCl_2+H_2\)
(mol) x..........2x..........x...........x
\(2Al+6HCl\xrightarrow[]{}2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
(mol) y...........3y............y............1,5y
a) Gọi x, y là số mol Fe, Al
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=8,3\\x+1,5y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%^m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{8,3}.100=67,47\%\)
\(\%^m_{Al}=100-67,47=32,53\%\)
b) \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.127=12,7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{ddHCl}=500.1,25=625\left(g\right)\)
d) Theo BTKL: \(m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}=m_{ddA}+m_{H_2}\)
⇒ \(m_{ddA}=8,3+625-0,25.2=632,8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{632,8}.100=2\%\)
\(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{13,35}{632,8}.100=2,1\%\)