cần v ml dd h2so4 0,03m để trung hòa 150 ml ddhcl 0.02m tính v
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H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O
số mol H2SO4 :
nH2SO4 = 0,5 . 0,7 = 0,35 (mol)
theo phương trình hóa học ta có:
nKOH = 2.nH2SO4 = 2.0,35 =0,7 (mol)
=> mKOH = 0,7.56 = 39,2 (g)
=> mdd KOH = (39,2.100)/12 =326,67 (g)
ta có :
Vdd KOH = 326,67/1,15 = 284 (ml)
\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,05\cdot2=0,1mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1\cdot\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}\)\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=\dfrac{5V}{56}\)
Để trung hòa\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=n_{H^+}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5V}{56}=0,1\Rightarrow V=1,12\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15.1=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{KOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KOH}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{16,8}{5,6\%}=300\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{300}{10,45}\approx28,71\left(ml\right)\)
a) $2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
b)
n H2SO4 = 0,03.1 = 0,03(mol)
n NaOH = 2n H2SO4 = 0,06(mol)
=> CM NaOH = 0,06/0,05 = 1,2M
c) $H_2SO_4 + 2KOH \to K_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
n KOH = 2n H2SO4 = 0,06(mol)
=> m KOH = 0,06.56 = 3,36 gam
=> m dd KOH = 3,36/5,6% = 60(gam)
=> V dd KOH = m/D = 60/1,045 = 57,42(ml)
b,\(n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,4
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
c,\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{16,2}{81}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: ZnO + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,2
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)\)
d,\(n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,4
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.03=0.003\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.01=0.001\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.003}{1}>\dfrac{0.001}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.003-0.001=0.002\left(mol\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.002}{0.1+0.1}=0.01\)
\(pH=-log\left(0.01\right)=2\)
\(b.\)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.001..........0.002\)
\(V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0.001}{1}=0.001\left(l\right)\)
Ví dụ 5 :
n KOH = 0,02.0,35 = 0,007(mol)
n HCl = 0,08.0,1 = 0,008(mol)
$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
n HCl pư = n KOH = 0,007(mol)
=> n HCl dư = 0,008 - 0,007 = 0,001(mol)
V dd = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1(mol)
=> [H+ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,001/0,1 = 0,01M
=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=0,15.0,02=0,003\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
___0,0015_____0,003 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,0015}{0,03}=0,05\left(l\right)=50\left(ml\right)\)