: Trung hoà 200ml dd H2SO4 1M bằng dd NaOH 20%.
a/ Viết PTHH của phản ứng.
b/ Tính khối lượng dd NaOH đã dùng.
c/ nếu trung hoà dd axit trên bằng dd KOH 5,6% có khối lượng riêng là 1,045g/ml, thì cần bao nhiêu ml dd KOH?
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a) $2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
b)
n H2SO4 = 0,03.1 = 0,03(mol)
n NaOH = 2n H2SO4 = 0,06(mol)
=> CM NaOH = 0,06/0,05 = 1,2M
c) $H_2SO_4 + 2KOH \to K_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
n KOH = 2n H2SO4 = 0,06(mol)
=> m KOH = 0,06.56 = 3,36 gam
=> m dd KOH = 3,36/5,6% = 60(gam)
=> V dd KOH = m/D = 60/1,045 = 57,42(ml)
a) nH2SO4 = 0,2 . 1 = 0,2 mol
H2SO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,2 0,4
mNaOH = 0,4 . 40 = 16g
mddNaOH = \(\frac{16.100\%}{20\%}=80g\)
b) 2KOH + H2SO4 -> K2SO4 + 2H2O
0,4 <---------- 0,2
=> mKOH = 0,4 . 56 = 22,4 g
mddKOH = \(\frac{22,4.100\%}{5,6\%}=400g\)
VddKOH = \(\frac{400}{1,045}=383ml\)
nH2SO4 = 0.2*1=0.2 mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + H2O
0.4________0.2
mNaOH = 0.4*40=16g
2KOH + H2SO4 --> K2SO4 + H2O
0.4______0.2
mKOH= 0.4*56=22.4g
mddKOH = 22.4*100/5.6=400g
VddKOH = 400/1.045=382.77ml
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\times1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O (1)
a) Theo PT1: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=2\times0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=0,4\times40=16\left(g\right)\)
b) H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O (2)
Theo PT2: \(n_{KOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=2\times0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KOH}=0,4\times56=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\frac{22,4}{5,6\%}=400\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\frac{400}{1,045}=382,78\left(ml\right)\)
nH2SO4=0,02.1=0,02(mol)nH2SO4=0,02.1=0,02(mol)
PTHH: H2SO4+2NaOH→Na2SO4+2H2OH2SO4+2NaOH→Na2SO4+2H2O
pư..............0,02..........0,04..............0,02...........0,04 (mol)
⇒mNaOH=0,04.40=1,6(g)⇒mNaOH=0,04.40=1,6(g)
⇒mddNaOH(20%)=1,620%=8(g)⇒mddNaOH(20%)=1,620%=8(g)
PTHH: H2SO4+2KOH→K2SO4+2H2OH2SO4+2KOH→K2SO4+2H2O
pư............0,02............0,04............0,02..........0,04 (mol)
⇒mKOH=0,04.56=2,24(g)⇒mKOH=0,04.56=2,24(g)
⇒mddKOH(5,6%)=2,245,6%=40(g)⇒mddKOH(5,6%)=2,245,6%=40(g)
⇒VKOH=401,045≈38,28(ml)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,2=0,2(mol)\\ PTHH:2NaOH+H_2SO_4\to Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ a,n_{NaOH}=0,4(mol);n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2.142=28,4(g)\\ m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,4.40}{20\%}=80(g) \end{cases}\\ b,2KOH+H_2SO_4\to K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{KOH}=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0,4.56}{5,6\%}=400(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{KOH}}=\dfrac{400}{1,045}=382,78(ml)\)
Bước 1: nH2SO4 = VH2SO4 . CM H2SO4= 0,2 . 1 = 0,2mol
Bước 2:
PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O
2 mol 1 mol
? mol 0,2mol
nNaOH=0,2.21=0,4mol.nNaOH=0,2.21=0,4mol.
m NaOH= n NaOH.MNaOH = 0,4 . (23 + 16 + 1) = 16g
Bước 3: C% = mNaOH : m dd NaOH => mdd NaOH = mNaOH : C% = 16 : 20% = 80g
Tìm thể tích dung dịch KOH
- Phương trình hoá học :
H 2 SO 4 + 2KOH → K 2 SO 4 + 2 H 2 O
- Số mol KOH tham gia phản ứng :
n KOH = 2 n H 2 SO 4 = 0,02 x 2 = 0,04 mol
- Khối lượng KOH tham gia phản ứng : mKOH = 0,04 x 56 = 2,24 (gam).
- Khối lượng dung dịch KOH cần dùng :
m dd KOH = 2,24x100/5,6 = 40 gam
- Thể tích dung dịch KOH cần dùng:
V dd KOH = 40/1,045 ≈ 38,278 ml
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.0,75=0,075mol\\ H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,075 0,15 0,075 0,15
\(a)m_{K_2SO_4}=0,075.175=13,05mol\)
\(b)H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ n_{NaOH}=0,075.2=0,15mol\\ m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,15.40}{15\%}\cdot100\%=40g\\ V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{40}{1,05}=38,1ml\)
PTHH: \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\cdot1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KOH}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{0,4\cdot56}{6\%}}{1,048}\approx356,2\left(ml\right)\\C_{M_{K_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2+0,3562}\approx0,36\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 0,2.........0,4........0,2.......0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a.m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4.56.100}{6}=\dfrac{1120}{3}\left(g\right)\\ V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1120}{3}}{1,048}=\dfrac{140000}{393}\left(ml\right)\approx0,356\left(l\right)\)
\(b.C_{MddK_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{\dfrac{140000}{393}+0,2}\approx0,00056\left(M\right)\)
a,b)\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\) theo PT \(2n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{NaOV}=0,4\Rightarrow m_{NaOV}=0,4.4016kg\)
\(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow H_2Na_2SO_4+H_2\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{16}{2}=80g\)
c)\(n_{KOH}=2_{n_{H_2SO_4}}=0,4\Rightarrow m_{KOH}=0,3.56-22,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KOH\left(dd\right)}=\dfrac{22,4}{0,056}=400\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{400}{1,045}=182,8\left(ml\right)\)
a, \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\) \(\left(1\right)\)
b, Đổi \(20ml=0,02l\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,02.1=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Thep phương trình \(\left(1\right)\) ta được:
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,02=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=0,04.40=1,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd NaOH}=\dfrac{1,6}{20}.100=8\left(g\right)\)
c, \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\) \(\left(2\right)\)
Theo phương trình \(\left(2\right)\):
\(n_{KOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,02=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KOH}=0,04.56=2,24\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd KOH}=\dfrac{2,24}{5,6}.100=40\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd KOH}=\dfrac{40}{1.045}=38,3\left(ml\right)\)
a) H2SO4 + 2NaOH --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b) \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: H2SO4 + 2NaOH --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,2---->0,4
=> mNaOH = 0,4.40 = 16 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{16.100}{20}=80\left(g\right)\)
c)
PTHH: H2SO4 + 2KOH --> K2SO4 + 2H2O
0,2---->0,4
=> mKOH = 0,4.56 = 22,4 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.KOH}=\dfrac{22,4.100}{5,6}=400\left(g\right)\)
=> \(V_{dd.KOH}=\dfrac{400}{1,045}=382,775\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,2 0,4
\(m_{\text{ }NaOH}=0,4.40=16g\\ m_{\text{dd}NaOH}=\dfrac{16.100}{20}=80g\)
\(pthh:H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,2 0,4
\(m_{KOH}=0,4.56=22,4g\\ m_{\text{dd}KOH}=\dfrac{22,4.100}{5,6}=400g\\ V_{\text{dd}}=\dfrac{400}{1,045}=382,7ml\)
\(V_{dd}=\dfrac{22,4}{1,045}=21,4354ml\)