Tính khối lượng dd sau phản ứng. a, cho 12.3 g hỗn hợp al mg zn tác dụng với vừa đủ dd h2so4 9% thu được 7.84 lít khí h2 đktc B, cho 16.2 g hỗn hợp gồm mg al fe tác dụng với vừa đủ dd h2so4 25% thu được 12.32 lít khí h2 đktc
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Bài 1:
\(n_{HCl}=2.0,16=0,32\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
\(m_{H_2}=0,16.2=0,32\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL ta có: \(m_{MgCl_2+FeCl_2}=1,4+11,68-0,32=12,76\left(g\right)\)
Bài 12:
Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:
\(m_{hhkl}+m_{O_2}=m_{hh.oxit}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,9+m_{O_2}=18,3\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{O_2}=18,3-11,9=6,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,47}{22,4}\approx0,21\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Theo các pthh:
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,21\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,21.98=20,58\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{20,58}{9,8\%}=210\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,21.2=0,42\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{dd\left(sau\right)}=210+4,46-0,42=214,04\left(g\right)\)
Trong \(20,4g\) hỗn hợp có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow65a+56b+27c=20,4\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)
\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+2n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+2b+3c=2\cdot0,45\left(2\right)\)
Trong \(0,2mol\) hhX có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Zn:ka\left(mol\right)\\Fe:kb\left(mol\right)\\Al:kc\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow ka+kb+kc=0,2\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,16}{22,4}=0,275mol\)
\(BTe:2n_{Zn}+3n_{Fe}+3n_{Al}=2n_{Cl_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2ka+3kb+3kc=2\cdot0,275\)
Xét thương:
\(\dfrac{ka+kb+kc}{2ka+3kb+3kc}=\dfrac{0,2}{2\cdot0,275}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{2a+3b+3c}=\dfrac{4}{11}\)
\(\Rightarrow3a-b-c=0\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2), (3)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1mol\\b=0,2mol\\c=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=6,5g\\m_{Fe}=11,2g\\m_{Al}=2,7g\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Ta có: 27nAl + 56nFe = 0,83 (1)
PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01.27}{0,83}.100\%\approx32,53\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, nH2SO4 = nH2 = 0,025 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,025.98}{20\%}=12,25\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=0,5.0,8+0,25.0,8.2=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{H^+}}{2}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
Không phải KL hhX cho rồi à ta?
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT, có: \(n_{SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Mà: m muối = mKL + mSO4
⇒ m = mKL = 93,6 - 0,6.96 = 36 (g)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Câu 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.91362}{22.4}=0.13mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2b 3b b 3b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+54b=2.58\\a+3b=0.13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.04\\b=0.03\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.04\times24=0.96g\)
\(m_{Al}=0.03\times2\times27=1.62g\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.04+3\times0.03}{0.5}=0.26l\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.136}{22.4}=0.14mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=4.96\\a+b=0.14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.09\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.09\times24=2.16g\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.05\times56=2.8g\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.14\times98\times100}{200}=6.86\%\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.568}{22.4}=0.07mol\)
\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}137a+24b=3.94\\a+b=0.07\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.02\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Ba}=0.02\times137=2.74g\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.05\times24=1.2g\)
\(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.07}{0.1}=0.7M\)
Ta có: nN2 = 0,22 (mol)
⇒ nNO3- = 10nN2 = 2,2 (mol)
⇒ m muối = mX + mNO3- = 31 + 2,2.62 = 167,4 (g)
nHNO3 = 12nN2 = 2,64 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HNO_3}=\dfrac{2,64}{2}=1,32\left(l\right)=1320\left(ml\right)\)
a) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)
b) Tương tự câu a