Cho 3 so duong thoa man\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\) . Chung minh rang \(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\)lon hon hoac bang\(\sqrt{xyz}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\)
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\(3,\)Áp dụng bđt Mincopski \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{c^2+d^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)^2+\left(b+d\right)^2}\)hai lần có
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)^2}+\sqrt{z+xy}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{x+y+z+2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)+\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{1+2t+t^2}\left(t=\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(t+1\right)^2}=t+1=VP\left(Đpcm\right)\)
\(2,\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\le\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{2\sqrt{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{b}}}=\sqrt{\sqrt{ab}}\left(đpcm\right)\)
BĐT <=> \(\sqrt{\frac{x+yz}{xyz}}+\sqrt{\frac{y+xz}{xyz}}+\sqrt{\frac{z+xy}{xyz}}\ge1+\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{yz}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{xz}}\)
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\)
Khi đó \(a+b+c=1\)
BĐT <=>\(\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}\ge1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\)
Ta có \(\sqrt{a+bc}=\sqrt{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2}=a+\sqrt{bc}\)
Khi đó \(VT\ge a+b+c+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}=1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}=VP\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=y=z=3
BĐT cho tương đương với
\(\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ca}+\sqrt{c+ab}\ge1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\)
Với \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z};a+b+c=1\)
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{a+bc}=\sqrt{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}\)
\(=\sqrt{a^2+a\left(b+c\right)+bc}\ge\sqrt{a^2+2a\sqrt{bc}+bc}=a+\sqrt{bc}\)
Tương tự
\(\sqrt{b+ca}\ge b+\sqrt{ca};\sqrt{c+ab}\ge c+\sqrt{ab}\)
Từ đó ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=3
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=xyz\)
\(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\ge\sqrt{xyz}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\)
Bình phương vế trái :
\(\left(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\right)+2\left(\sqrt{x+yz}.\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{y+zx}.\sqrt{z+xy}+\sqrt{z+xy}.\sqrt{x+yz}\right)\)Bình phương vế phải :
\(\left(\sqrt{xyz}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2=\left(xyz+x+y+z\right)+2\left(x\sqrt{yz}+y\sqrt{xz}+z\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)\)
Suy ra cần phải chứng minh : \(\sqrt{x+yz}.\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{y+zx}.\sqrt{z+xy}+\sqrt{z+xy}.\sqrt{x+yz}\ge x\sqrt{yz}+y\sqrt{xz}+z\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\)(*)
Thật vậy, theo bđt Bunhiacopxki ta có : \(\sqrt{x+yz}.\sqrt{y+zx}\ge\sqrt{xy}+z\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\sqrt{y+zx}.\sqrt{z+xy}\ge\sqrt{yz}+x\sqrt{yz}\)
\(\sqrt{z+xy}.\sqrt{x+yz}\ge\sqrt{xz}+y\sqrt{xz}\)
Cộng các bđt trên theo vế ta chứng minh được (*) đúng.
Vậy bđt ban đầu được chứng minh.
Ý tưởng khác
Cũng từ giả thiết suy ra \(xyz=xy+yz+xz\)
Suy ra \(\sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{\frac{x^2+xyz}{x}}=\sqrt{\frac{x^2+xy+yz+xz}{x}}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{x}}\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có \(\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge x+\sqrt{yz}\) do đó:
\(\sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{x}}\ge\frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{x}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{x}}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại \(\sqrt{y+xz}\ge\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{y}};\sqrt{z+xy}\ge\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{z}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT được \(VT\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{x}}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{y}}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{z}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{xy+yz+xz}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\ge\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{xyz}\) (Đpcm)
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=9\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge3\)
\(P=\sum\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{x^3+8}}=\sum\frac{x^2}{\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)}}\ge\sum\frac{2x^2}{x^2-x+6}\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+18}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+6-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}-1+1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x+y+z\right)-12}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}+1=\frac{\left(x+y+z-3\right)\left(x+y+z+4\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-\left(x+y+z\right)+12}+1\)
Do \(x+y+z-3\ge0\Rightarrow P\ge1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\Rightarrow1+x^3+y^3\ge xyz+xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=xy\left(x+y+z\right)\ge3xy\sqrt[3]{xyz}=3xy\)(vì xyz = 1)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}=\frac{\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{xy}}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{yz}}\);\(\frac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{zx}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{zx}}\)
Cộng vế với vế, ta được:
\(BĐT=\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\right)\)
\(\ge3\sqrt{3}\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2y^2z^2}}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\))
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(a^3;b^3;c^3\right)\Rightarrow abc=1\)
\(VT=\sum\frac{\sqrt{1+a^6+b^6}}{a^3b^3}\ge\sum\frac{\sqrt{3\sqrt[3]{a^6b^6}}}{a^3b^3}=\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{a^2b^2}+\frac{1}{b^2c^2}+\frac{1}{c^2a^2}\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{3}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{a^2b^2.b^2c^2.c^2a^2}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\) hay \(x=y=z=1\)
Từ giả thiết : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=xyz\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\ge\sqrt{xyz}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\)
Vì hai vế luôn dương nên ta bình phương hai vế được :
\(\left(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\right)^2\ge\left(\sqrt{xyz}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\)
Xét \(\left(\sqrt{x+yz}+\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{z+xy}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+2\left(\sqrt{x+yz}.\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{y+zx}.\sqrt{z+xy}+\sqrt{z+xy}.\sqrt{x+yz}\right)\)
Xét \(\left(\sqrt{xyz}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\)
\(=xyz+\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(x\sqrt{yz}+y\sqrt{xz}+z\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)\)
Suy ra : \(\sqrt{x+yz}.\sqrt{y+zx}+\sqrt{y+zx}.\sqrt{z+xy}+\sqrt{z+xy}.\sqrt{x+yz}\ge\)
\(\ge x\sqrt{yz}+y\sqrt{xz}+z\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\) (*)
Mà theo bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki , ta có :
\(\sqrt{\left(x+yz\right)}.\sqrt{y+zx}\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz.zx}=\sqrt{xy}+z\sqrt{xy}\) (1)
\(\sqrt{y+zx}.\sqrt{z+xy}\ge\sqrt{yz}+x\sqrt{yz}\)(2)
\(\sqrt{z+xy}.\sqrt{x+yz}\ge\sqrt{xz}+y\sqrt{xz}\)(3)
Cộng (1) , (2) và (3) theo vế ta được (*) đúng
Vậy bđt ban đầu được chứng minh.
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