Cho x>y>0 và 3x^2+3y^2=10xy.Tính A=\(\frac{x-y}{x+y}\)
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\(1,A=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy}=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{2xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{\left(x+y^2\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}}\ge\frac{4}{1}+\frac{2}{1}=6\)
Dấu "=" <=> x= y = 1/2
\(2,A=\frac{x^2+y^2}{xy}=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=\left(\frac{x}{9y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\frac{8x}{9y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{9y}.\frac{y}{x}}+\frac{8.3y}{9y}\)
\(=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}+\frac{8.3}{9}=\frac{10}{3}\)
Dấu "=" <=> x = 3y
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức svác sơ ta có
\(A\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{y+3z+z+3x+x+3y}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+x}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Đặt \(P=\frac{x^2}{y+3z}+\frac{y^2}{z+3x}+\frac{z^2}{x+3y}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Canchy Schwarz dạng Engel :
\(P=\frac{x^2}{y+3z}+\frac{y^2}{z+3x}+\frac{z^2}{x+3y}>\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{y+3y+z+3z+x+3x}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4x+4y+4z}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4.\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{3^2}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi x=y=z=1.
\(P=x^2+3x+y^2+3y+\frac{9}{x^2+y^2+1}\)
\(=x^2+y^2+1+\frac{9}{x^2+y^2+1}+3x+3y-1\)
\(\ge2.3.\frac{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+1}}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+1}}+2.3.\sqrt{xy}-1\)
\(=6+6-1=11\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x = y = 1
Có: \(3x^2+3y^2=10xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-9xy-xy+3y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-3y\right)-y\left(x-3y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y\right)\left(3x-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-3y=0\\3x-y=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=3y\left(KTM:y>x\right)\\3x=y\left(tm\right)\end{cases}}\)
Với \(3x=y\) , ta có: \(K=\frac{x+y}{x-y}=\frac{x+3x}{x-3x}=\frac{4x}{-2x}=-2\)
K2= (\(\frac{X+Y}{X-Y}\))2 = \(\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2}\)= \(\frac{x^2+2xy+y^2}{x^2-2xy+y^2}\)
= \(\frac{3x^2+6xy+3y^2}{3x^2-6xy+3y^2}\)= \(\frac{10xy+6xy}{10xy-6xy}\)= \(\frac{16xy}{4xy}\)= 4
=> K = -2 hoặc 2
mà y>x>0 nên K =\(\frac{x+y}{x-y}\)<0
=> K = -2
Áp dụng trực tiếp bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel:
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(x+y+z\right)+3\left(x+y+z\right)}=1\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=2\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM cho 2 số dương, ta được: \(\frac{x^2}{x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{36}\left(x+2y+3z\right)\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{x+2y+3z}.\frac{1}{36}\left(x+2y+3z\right)}=\frac{1}{3}x\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{x+2y+3z}\ge\frac{11}{36}x-\frac{1}{18}y-\frac{1}{12}z\)Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{y^2}{y+2z+3x}\ge\frac{11}{36}y-\frac{1}{18}z-\frac{1}{12}x\); \(\frac{z^2}{z+2x+3y}\ge\frac{11}{36}z-\frac{1}{18}x-\frac{1}{12}y\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(G=\frac{x^2}{x+2y+3z}+\frac{y^2}{y+2z+3x}+\frac{z^2}{z+2x+3y}\ge\frac{1}{6}\left(x+y+z\right)=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 2
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y}\right)=\left(a;b\right)\Rightarrow ab+a+b=3\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+2\sqrt{ab}\le3\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{ab}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{ab}\le1\Rightarrow ab\le1\)
\(P=\frac{a}{\sqrt{3+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{3+b^2}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{ab+a+b+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{ab+a+b+b^2}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+1\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+1\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+1}\right)\)
\(P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{ab+a+ab+b}{ab+a+b+1}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{ab+3}{4}\right)\)
\(P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(1+\frac{1+3}{4}\right)=1\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\) hay \(x=y=1\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
câu 1.Ta có:
\(\frac{x^2}{x+3y}+\frac{x+3y}{16}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{x+3y}.\frac{x+3y}{16}}=\frac{x}{2}\)
\(\frac{y^2}{y+3x}+\frac{y+3x}{16}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y^2}{y+3x}.\frac{y+3x}{16}}=\frac{y}{2}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{x+3y}+\frac{y^2}{y+3x}+\frac{x+y+3x+3y}{16}\ge\frac{x+y}{2}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{x+3y}+\frac{y^2}{y+3x}+\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{x+3y}+\frac{y^2}{y+3x}\ge\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Câu 2:
điều kiện \(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2=4\)(đúng ko)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{a^2+1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2+1}.\frac{a^2+1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2+1}.\frac{b^2+1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{b^2+1}.\frac{b^2+1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2+1}+\frac{c^2+1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{c^2+1}.\frac{c^2+1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{d^2+1}+\frac{d^2+1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{d^2+1}.\frac{d^2+1}{4}}=1\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}+\frac{1}{d^2+1}+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+4}{4}\ge4\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}+\frac{1}{c^2+1}+\frac{1}{d^2+1}\ge4-\frac{8}{4}=2\left(đpcm\right)\)
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