Cho \(x,y>0,x+y=1\)
Tìm Min \(A=\left(xy\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{xy}\right)^2\)
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Ta có \(P=\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}+\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2}}{\frac{zx+1}{x}}+\frac{\frac{\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2}}{\frac{xy+1}{y}}+\frac{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2}}{\frac{yz+1}{z}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{a_1^2}{b_1}+\frac{a_2^2}{b_2}+\frac{a_3^2}{b_3}\ge\frac{\left(a_1+a_2+a_3\right)^2}{b_1+b_2+b_3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\frac{a_1}{b_1}=\frac{a_2}{b_2}=\frac{a_3}{c_3}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)
\(P\ge a+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
Áp dụng BĐT: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
=> \(P\ge x+y+z+\frac{9}{x+y+z}=\left[x+y+z+\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\right]+\frac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z+\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{9}{4}}=3;\frac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{27}{4\cdot\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{9}{2}\)
=> \(P\ge3+\frac{9}{2}=\frac{15}{2}\).
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy MinP=\(\frac{15}{2}\)đạt được khi x=y=z=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(P=\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}+\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{yz+1}{z}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{zx+1}{x}\right)}+\frac{\left(\frac{zx+1}{x}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{xy+1}{y}\right)}+\frac{\left(\frac{xy+1}{y}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{yz+1}{z}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức, ta có:
\(\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}}=x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9}{x+y+z}=\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(+\frac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right).\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}}+\frac{27}{4.\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{15}{2}\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số không âm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(M=5\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+2.\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-schwarz ta có:
\(M\ge5.\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+2.\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}=5.\frac{9}{16}+\frac{\frac{9}{16}}{3}+2.\frac{9}{\frac{4.3}{4}}=9\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1/4 ( cái này bạn tự giải rõ nhé)
ta có \(\left(x-y\right)^2\le\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\)cái này các bạn tự CM
\(\left(1-xy\right)^2\le\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(1-xy\right)^2\le\left(1+x^2\right)^2\left(1+y^2\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\left(x-y\right)\left(1-xy\right)\right]\le\left[\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\right]\)cái dấu ngặc vuông là chỉ dấu giá trị tuyệt đối đấy mình ko biết đánh dấu giá trị tuyệt đối
\(\Rightarrow\left[\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(1-xy\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}\right]\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(1-xy\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}\le1\)\(\Rightarrow-1\le A\le1\)
TXD : \(\hept{\begin{cases}y\left(x+y\right)\ne0\\\left(x+y\right)x\ne0\\\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\ne0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\ne y\\x\ne-y\\xy\ne0\end{cases}}}\)
Câu b :
\(A=\frac{xy-\left(x+y\right)y}{xy\left(x+y\right)}:\frac{y^2+x\left(x-y\right)}{x\left(x^2-y^2\right)}:\frac{x}{y}\)
\(=\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{xy\left(x+y\right)}.\frac{x\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{x^2-xy+y^2}.\frac{y}{x}\)\(=1-\frac{y}{x}\)
Để \(A>1\)mà \(y< 0\)nên \(x\)và \(y\)phải cùng dấu \(\Rightarrow x< 0\)
A=\(\left[\frac{x\left(x-y\right)}{y\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{x\left(x+y\right)}\right]:\left[\frac{y^2}{x\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{1}{x+y}\right]\frac{ }{ }\)
=\(\left[\frac{x^2\left(x-y\right)+y\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xy\left(x+y\right)}\right]:\left[\frac{y^2+x\left(x-y\right)}{x\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\right]\)=\(\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)}{xy\left(x+y\right)}.\frac{x\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{y^2+x\left(x-y\right)}\)
=\(\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)}{y\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)}\)=\(\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+xy+\frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{3y^2}{4}\right)}{y\left(x^2-xy+\frac{y^2}{4}+\frac{3y^2}{4}\right)}\)=\(\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\left(x+\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}\right]}{y.\left[\left(x-\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}\right]}\)
Ta nhận thấy các số trong ngoặc đều dương.
=> Để A>0 thì y>0
Vậy để A>0 thì y>0 và với mọi x
A=\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}=a\left(a>0\right)\)
vì x,y>0 áp dụng bđt cô si
\(x+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}}\)
\(1\ge x+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}}\)
\(\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{x}{y}\)
\(0< a\le\frac{1}{4}\)
Có A=\(a+\frac{1}{a}\left(với0< a\le\frac{1}{4}\right)\)
A=\(16a+\frac{1}{a}-15a\)
a>0 cô si
A\(\ge2\sqrt{16a\cdot\frac{1}{a}}-15\cdot\frac{1}{4}=\frac{17}{4}\)
D=XR x=y=1/2