Cho x,y,z>0 thỏa \(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=2\) . Chứng minh xyz\(\le\frac{1}{8}\)
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Từ giả thiết:\(x+y+z=xyz\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=1\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{x}=a,\frac{1}{y}=b,\frac{1}{z}=c\)\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\)
Ta có:\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\)\(=\sqrt{\frac{1}{1+x^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{1+y^2}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{1+z^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{\frac{1}{x}+x}}+\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{y}}{\frac{1}{y}+y}}+\sqrt{\frac{\frac{1}{z}}{\frac{1}{z}+z}}\)\(=\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+\frac{1}{a}}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{b+\frac{1}{b}}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{c+\frac{1}{c}}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\)
Đến đây:\(\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{a}{a+b}.\frac{a}{a+c}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right);\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}\right)\)
Cộng 3 bất đẳng thức lại ta có điều phải chứng minh :))
Áp dụng giả thiết ta được: \(\dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {1 + {x^2}} }} = \dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {{x^2} + xy + yz + zx} }} = \dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)} }} \)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta được:
\(\dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)} }} = \sqrt {\dfrac{{{x^2}}}{{\left( {x + y} \right)\left( {x + z} \right)}}} \le \dfrac{1}{2}\left( {\dfrac{x}{{x + y}} + \dfrac{x}{{z + x}}} \right) \)
Do đó ta được: \(\dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {1 + {x^2}} }} \le \dfrac{1}{2}\left( {\dfrac{x}{{x + y}} + \dfrac{x}{{z + x}}} \right) \)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta được:
\( \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {1 + {y^2}} }} \le \dfrac{1}{2}\left( {\dfrac{y}{{x + y}} + \dfrac{y}{{y + z}}} \right)\\ \dfrac{z}{{\sqrt {1 + {z^2}} }} \le \dfrac{1}{2}\left( {\dfrac{z}{{z + x}} + \dfrac{z}{{y + z}}} \right) \)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức trên ta được:
\( \dfrac{x}{{\sqrt {1 + {x^2}} }} + \dfrac{y}{{\sqrt {1 + {y^2}} }} + \dfrac{z}{{\sqrt {1 + {z^2}} }}\\ \le \dfrac{1}{2}\left( {\dfrac{x}{{x + y}} + \dfrac{x}{{z + x}} + \dfrac{y}{{x + y}} + \dfrac{y}{{y + z}} + \dfrac{z}{{z + x}} + \dfrac{z}{{y + z}}} \right) = \dfrac{3}{2} \)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh.
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x = y = z = \dfrac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }} \)
Ta có:\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{yz+x^2yz}}=\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{yz+x\left(x+y+z\right)}}=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{z}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{y}{z+y}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow x=\frac{x+y+z}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{x^2+xy+xz}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2+1=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}}\le\frac{\frac{x+y}{y}+\frac{x+z}{z}}{2}=1+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}\le\frac{2+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}{x}=\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\); \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3.\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}\)\(\le3.\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{xyz}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xyz}=\frac{\left(xyz\right)^2}{xyz}=xyz\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{x+1}=1-\frac{1}{y+1}+1-\frac{1}{z+1}=\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{y+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(z+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}}\); \(\frac{1}{z+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\)
Nhân vế với vế:
\(\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}\ge\frac{8xyz}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{x+1}=\left(1-\frac{1}{y+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{z+1}\right)=\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}\) (1)
Tương tự :
\(\frac{1}{y+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}\) (2)
\(\frac{1}{z+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\) (3)
từ (1) (2) và (3) => \(\frac{1}{x+1}\cdot\frac{1}{y+1}\cdot\frac{1}{z+1}\ge8\sqrt{\frac{x^2y^2z^2}{\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\right]^2}}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}\ge8\cdot\frac{xyz}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}\)
=> \(1\ge8xyz\)
=> \(xyz\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1/2
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=2\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}=\left(1-\frac{1}{y+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\)
Tương tự ta cũng có : \(\frac{1}{y+1}=\frac{z}{z+1}+\frac{x}{x+1}\) ; \(\frac{1}{z+1}=\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{x}{x+1}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cosi: \(\frac{1}{x+1}=\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{y+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}\) ; \(\frac{1}{z+1}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\left(3\right)\)
Nhân (1) , (2) , (3) theo vế được :\(\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}\ge8\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}}.\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}.\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}\ge\frac{8xyz}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow8xyz\le1\Leftrightarrow xyz\le\frac{1}{8}\)(đpcm)