Rút gọn tổng : 2+2^2+2^3+....2^99+2^100
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\(A=2^0+2^1+2^2\)\(+2^3+...+\)\(2^{50}\)
\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{51}\)
\(2A-A=A=2^{51}-2^0\)
\(B=5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{99}+5^{100}\)
\(5B=5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{100}+5^{101}\)
\(5B-B=4B=5^{101}-5\)
\(B=\frac{5^{101}-5}{4}\)
\(C=3-3^2+3^3-3^4+...+\)\(3^{2007}-3^{2008}+3^{2009}-3^{2010}\)
\(3C=3^2-3^3+3^4-3^5+...-3^{2008}+3^{2009}-3^{2010}+3^{2011}\)
\(3C+C=4C=3^{2011}+3\)
\(C=\frac{3^{2011}+3}{4}\)
\(S_{100}=5+5\times9+5\times9^2+5\times9^3+...+5\times9^{99}\)
\(S_{100}=5\times\left(1+9+9^2+9^3+...+9^{99}\right)\)
\(9S_{100}=5\times\left(9+9^2+9^3+...+9^{99}+9^{100}\right)\)
\(9S_{100}-S_{100}=8S_{100}=5\times\left(9^{100}-1\right)\)
\(S_{100}=\frac{5\times\left(9^{100}-1\right)}{8}\)
A=20+21+22+23+...++23+...+250250
2�=2+22+23+...+2512A=2+22+23+...+251
2�−�=�=251−202A−A=A=251−20
�=5+52+53+...+599+5100B=5+52+53+...+599+5100
5�=52+53+54+...+5100+51015B=52+53+54+...+5100+5101
5�−�=4�=5101−55B−B=4B=5101−5
�=5101−54B=45101−5
�=3−32+33−34+...+C=3−32+33−34+...+32007−32008+32009−3201032007−32008+32009−32010
3�=32−33+34−35+...−32008+32009−32010+320113C=32−33+34−35+...−32008+32009−32010+32011
3�+�=4�=32011+33C+C=4C=32011+3
�=32011+34C=432011+3
�100=5+5×9+5×92+5×93+...+5×999S100=5+5×9+5×92+5×93+...+5×999
�100=5×(1+9+92+93+...+999)S100=5×(1+9+92+93+...+999)
9�100=5×(9+92+93+...+999+9100)9S100=5×(9+92+93+...+999+9100)
9�100−�100=8�100=5×(9100−1)9S100−S100=8S100=5×(9100−1)
�100=5×(9100−1)8S100=85×(9100−1)
\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{51}\)
\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{52}\)
\(2A-A=\left(2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{52}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{51}\right)\)
\(A=2^{52}-1\)
\(B=5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{100}\)
\(5B=5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{101}\)
\(5B-B=\left(5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{101}\right)-\left(5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{100}\right)\)
\(4B=5^{101}-5\)
\(B=\frac{5^{101}-5}{4}\)
-Quy luật: Nhân mỗi vế của đẳng thức cho số thích hợp để tạo ra đẳng thức mới, khi cộng (hoặc trừ) mỗi vế của mỗi đẳng thức thì sẽ rút gọn bớt.
a) \(A=2-2^2+2^3-2^4+...+2^{99}-2^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=2^2-2^3+2^4-2^5+...+2^{100}-2^{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A+A=2^2-2^3+2^4-2^5+...+2^{100}-2^{101}+\left(2-2^2+2^3-2^4+...+2^{99}-2^{100}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=-2^{101}+2\)
b,c) làm tương tự.
d) \(D=1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=3+1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D-D=3+1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2D=3+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2D=\dfrac{3^{101}+1}{3^{100}}\Rightarrow D=\dfrac{3^{101}+1}{2.3^{100}}\)
e) làm tương tự nhưng đổi thành cộng.
Đặt A = 2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 299
2A = 22 + 23 + 24 + 25 + ... + 2100
2A - A = (22 + 23 + 24 + 25 + ... + 2100) - (2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + ... + 299)
A = 2100 - 2
Bài 1:
a: \(2A=2^{101}+2^{100}+...+2^2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=2^{100}-1\)
b: \(3B=3^{101}+3^{100}+...+3^2+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2B=3^{100}-1\)
hay \(B=\dfrac{3^{100}-1}{2}\)
c: \(4C=4^{101}+4^{100}+...+4^2+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3C=4^{101}-1\)
hay \(C=\dfrac{4^{101}-1}{3}\)
\(A=2+2^2+2^3+....+2^{100}.\)
\(2A=2^2+2^3+...+2^{101}.\)
\(2A-A=\left(2^2+2^3+...+2^{101}\right)-\left(2+2^2+.....+2^{100}\right).\)
\(A=2^{101}-2\)
b) B = 2100 - 299 + 298 - 297 + ...+ 22 - 2
=> B x 2 = 2101 - 2100 + 299 - 298 + ...23 - 22
=> B x 2 + B = (2101 - 2100 + 299 - 298 + ...23 - 22 ) + (2100 - 299 + 298 - 297 + ...+ 22 - 2)
<=> B x 3 = 2101 - 2 = 2. ( 299 - 1)
=> B = \(\frac{2.\left(2^{99}-1\right)}{3}\)
Phần c) Làm tương tự Lấy C x 3 rồi + với C.
Gọi tổng trên là A , ta có:
A=2+22+23+.....+299+2100
2A=22+23+24+.....+2100+2101
2A-A=(22+23+24+....+2100+2101)-(2+22+23+.....+299+2100)
A=2101-2
Đặt A = 2 + 22 + 23 + .... + 299 + 2100
=> 2A = 22 + 23 + .... + 2100 + 2101
=> 2A - A = 2101 - 2
=>A = 2101 - 2