Bài 4: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 6,4 gam Lưu huỳnh trong 6,72 lít khí Oxi (đktc).
a. Viết phương trình hóa học.
b. Sau phản ứng, chất nào còn dư? Dư bao nhiêu gam?
c. Tính khối lượng sản phẩm thu được sau phản ứng?
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nFe = 16.8/56 = 0.3 (mol)
nO2 = 6.72/22.4 = 0.3 (mol)
2Fe + 3O2 -to-> Fe3O4
0.2___0.3________0.1
mFe dư = ( 0.3 - 0.2 ) * 56 = 5.6 (g)
mFe3O4 = 0.1*232 = 23.2 (g)
a)
3Fe+2O2→Fe3O4
b)
nFe=16,8/56=0,3mol
nO2=6,72/22,4=0,3mol
Ta có: 0,3/3<0,3/2=> O2 dư tính theo Fe
nFe3O4=0,3/3=0,1
mFe3O4=0,1.232=23,2g
C9:
nP = 6,2/31 = 0,2 (mol)
nO2 = 6,4/32 = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 -> (t°) 2P2O5
LTL: 0,2/4 > 0,2/5 => P dư
nP (p/ư) = 0,2/5 . 4 = 0,16 (mol)
nP (dư) = 0,2 - 0,16 = 0,04 (mol)
nP2O5 = 0,2/5 . 2 = 0,08 (mol)
mP2O5 = 0,08 . 142 = 11,36 (g)
C10:
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL, ta có:
mR + mO2 = mRO
=> mO2 = 21,6 - 16,8 = 4,8 (g(
=> nO2 = 4,8/32 = 0,15 (mol)
PTHH: 2R + O2 -> (t°) 2RO
nR = 0,15 . 2 = 0,3 (mol)
M(R) = 16,8/0,3 = 56 (g/mol(
=> R là Fe
a, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\), ta được O2 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,05.32=1,6\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,3.18=5,4\left(g\right)\)
c, PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
_______0,3_______________________0,15 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,3.158=47,4\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
\(a,m_C=48\left(g\right)\rightarrow n_C=\dfrac{m_C}{M_C}=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=44,8\left(l\right)\rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(4mol\) \(2mol\)
Xét tỉ lệ:
\(\dfrac{n_{C\left(đb\right)}}{n_{C\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{4}{1}=4>\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(đb\right)}}{n_{O_2\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{2}{1}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(O_2\) hết, \(C\) dư.
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(2mol\) \(2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=n_{CO_2}.M_{CO_2}=2.\left(1.C+2.O\right)=2.\left(1.12+2.16\right)=88\left(g\right)\)
\(a.n_C=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\\ C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\)
Theo pt:\(\dfrac{4}{1}>\dfrac{2}{1}\Rightarrow C\) dư, O2 pư hết
\(b.C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{O_2}=2mol\\ m_{CO_2}=2.44=88\left(g\right)\)
a)
\(n_{Mg} = \dfrac{4,8}{24} = 0,2(mol)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4}= 0,15(mol)\\ 2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO\)
Ta thấy :
\( \dfrac{n_{Mg}}{2} = 0,1 < n_{O_2} = 0,15 \) nên O2 dư.
\(n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{n_{Mg}}{2} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,15-0,1).32 = 1,6(gam)\\ V_{O_2\ dư} = (0,15-0,1).22,4 = 1,12(lít)\)
b)
\(n_{MgO} = n_{Mg} = 0,2\ mol\\ \Rightarrow m_{MgO} = 0,2.40 = 8\ gam\)
\(n_S=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\
n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}SO_2\\
LTL:\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{1}\)
=> S dư
\(n_{S\left(P\text{Ư}\right)}=n_{SO_2}=n_{O_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\
m_S=\left(0,1-0,05\right).32=1,6\left(g\right)\\
V_{SO_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
nP = 6.2/31 = 0.2 (mol)
nO2 = 6.72/22.4 = 0.3 (mol)
4P + 5O2 -to-> 2P2O5
0.2___0.25_____0.1
mO2 dư = ( 0.3 - 0.25) * 32 = 1.6(g)
mP2O5 = 0.1*142 = 14.2 (g)
Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{6.2}{31}=0.29mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3mol\)
PTHH:
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{n_{P\left(bra\right)}}{nP_{\left(pthh\right)}}=\dfrac{0.2}{4}=0.05\\\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(bra\right)}}{n_{O_2}\left(pthh\right)}=\dfrac{0.3}{5}=0.06\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(O_2\) dư
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
4 ----------->2
0.2---------->0.1=nP2O5
=>\(m_{P_2O_5}=142.0.1=14.2\left(g\right)\)
a, PTHH: S + O2 -> (t°) SO2
b, nS = 6,4/32 = 0,2 (mol)
nO2 = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3 (mol)
LTL: 0,2 < 0,3 => O2 dư
nO2 (pư) = nSO2 = nS = 0,2 (mol)
mO2 (dư) = (0,3 - 0,2) . 32 = 3,2 (g)
c, mSO2 = 64 . 0,2 = 12,8 (g)
a, \(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}SO_2\)
\(nS=\dfrac{6,4}{32}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(nO_2=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => oxi dư
\(nO_{2\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(mO_{2\left(dư\right)}=0,1.32=3,2\left(g\right)\)
\(nSO_2=nS=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(mSO_2=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)