Cho tam giác Abc có A(1;2) B(5;0) C(0;1). Viết ptts của a. AB, BC, CA b. Trung tuyến AM c. Đường cao AH d. Đường trung trực của AB
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Bài 1:
a: Xét ΔABC có \(AC^2=AB^2+BC^2\)
nên ΔABC vuông tại B
b: XétΔABC có BC<AB<AC
nên \(\widehat{A}< \widehat{C}< \widehat{B}\)
Tọa độ điểm C:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_C=3x_I-x_A-x_B=1\\y_C=3y_I-y_A-y_B=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow C\left(1;-4\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow{AH}=\left(a-3;b+1\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{BH}=\left(a+1;b-2\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(2;-6\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-2;-3\right)\)
Theo giả thiết
\(AH\perp BC\Rightarrow2\left(a-3\right)-6\left(b+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a-3b=6\left(1\right)\)
\(BH\perp AC\Rightarrow-2\left(a+1\right)-3\left(b-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow2a+3b=4\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{10}{3}\\b=-\dfrac{8}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a+3b=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Gọi tọa độ điểm H(a;b)
Ta có: A H → = a + 1 ; b − 1 , B H → = a ; b − 2 , B C → = 1 ; − 1 , A C → 2 ; 0
Do H là trực tâm tam giác ABC nên:
A C → . B H → = 0 B C → . A H → = 0 ⇒ 2. a + 0. b − 2 = 0 1. a + 1 − 1. b − 1 = 0 ⇒ a = 0 b = 2
Vậy H (0; 2).
Chọn A
\(AB=\sqrt{\left(-2-2\right)^2+\left(-1+2\right)^2}=\sqrt{17}\)
\(AC=\sqrt{\left(1-2\right)^2+\left(2+2\right)^2}=\sqrt{17}\)
Vậy tam giác ABC cân tại A.
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a.
\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(4;-2\right)=2\left(2;-1\right)\Rightarrow\) đường thẳng AB nhận (2;-1) là 1 vtcp
Phương trình AB (qua A) có dạng: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1+2t\\y=2-t\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\overrightarrow{CB}=\left(5;-1\right)\Rightarrow\) đường thẳng BC nhận (5;-1) là 1 vtcp
Phương trình BC (qua C) có dạng: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=5t_1\\y=1-t_1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\overrightarrow{CA}=\left(1;1\right)\Rightarrow\) đường thẳng AC nhận (1;1) là 1 vtcp
Phương trình AC (qua A) có dạng: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1+t_2\\y=2+t_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
Gọi M là trung điểm BC \(\Rightarrow M\left(\dfrac{5}{2};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\left(\dfrac{3}{2};-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(1;-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Đường thẳng AM nhận (1;-1) là 1 vtcp
Phương trình AM (qua A) có dạng: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1+t_3\\y=2-t_3\end{matrix}\right.\)
c.
Đường thẳng AH vuông góc BC nên nhận (1;5) là 1 vtcp
Phương trình AH (qua A) có dạng: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1+t_4\\y=2+5t_4\end{matrix}\right.\)
d.
Trung trực AB vuông góc AB nên nhận (1;2) là 1 vtcp
Gọi N là trung điểm AB \(\Rightarrow N\left(3;1\right)\)
Trung trực AB đi qua N và có vtcp là (1;2) nên pt có dạng:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3+t_5\\y=1+2t_5\end{matrix}\right.\)