Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 15,6 gam hỗn hợp phi kim P và S cần dùng 13,44 lít khí oxi đktc. Tính khối lượng mỗi phi kim trong hỗn hợp?
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\(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{28,4}{142}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 --to--> 2P2O5
0,4<--------------0,2
S + O2 --to--> SO2
0,25<----------0,25
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_P=\dfrac{0,4.31}{0,4.31+0,25.32}.100\%=60,78\%\\\%m_S=\dfrac{0,25.32}{0,4.31+0,25.32}.100\%=39,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10.08}{22.4}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_3O_4\)
\(a.......\dfrac{2a}{3}\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Al_2O_3\)
\(b.......\dfrac{3b}{4}\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2a}{3}+\dfrac{3b}{4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+1.5b=0.45\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.15,b=0.2\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.15\cdot56=8.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0.2\cdot27=5.4\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8.4}{8.4+5.4}\cdot100\%=60.8\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100-60.8=39.2\%\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo đề: \(m_{hh}=36\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}+m_{Fe}=36\\ \Rightarrow24x+56y=36\left(1\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow...0,5x.....x\\ PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow...\dfrac{2}{3}y....\dfrac{1}{3}y\)
Theo đề: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow0,5x+\dfrac{2}{3}y=0,6\left(2\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[\left(2\right)]{\left(1\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=36\\0,5x+\dfrac{2}{3}y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,8\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,8.24=19,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ m_r=m_{MgO}+m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,8.40+\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3.232=55,2\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: C+O2→CO20,3mol:0,3mol→0,3molC+O2→CO20,3mol:0,3mol→0,3mol
S+O2→SO20,2mol:0,2mol→0,2molS+O2→SO20,2mol:0,2mol→0,2mol
mC=36%10100%=3,6(g)⇔nC=3,612=0,3(mol)mC=36%10100%=3,6(g)⇔nC=3,612=0,3(mol)
mS=10−3,6=6,4(g)⇔nS=6,432=0,2(mol)mS=10−3,6=6,4(g)⇔nS=6,432=0,2(mol)
VO2=(0,3+0,2)22,4=11,2(l)VO2=(0,3+0,2)22,4=11,2(l)
mhh=mCO2+mSO2=0,3.44+0,2.64=26(g)
a) 2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b) Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b
=> 24a + 27b = 7,8
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
______a--->0,5a-------->a
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b-->0,75b------->0,5b
=> 0,5a + 0,75b = 0,2
=> a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2
=> mMg = 0,1.24 = 2,4 (g); mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%=30,769\%\\\%Al=\dfrac{5,4}{7,8}.100\%=69,231\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgO}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1.102=10,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m = 4 + 10,2 = 14,2 (g)
Gọi nZn = a (mol); nFe = b (mol)
=> 65a + 56b = 29,8 (1)
VO2 = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3 (mol)
PTHH:
2Zn + O2 -> (t°) 2ZnO
a ---> 0,5a ---> a
3Fe + 2O2 -> (t°) Fe3O4
b ---> 2b/3 ---> b/3
=> 0,5a + 2b/3 = 0,3 (2)
Từ (1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)
=> mZn = 0,2 . 65 = 13 (g)
=> mFe = 0,3 . 56 = 16,8 (g)
PTHH:
Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2 ---> 0,4
Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
0,3 ---> 0,6
=> mHCl = (0,6 + 0,4) . 36,5 = 36,5 (g)
=> mddHCl = 36,5/3,65% = 1000 (g)
Số mol khí oxi cần dùng là 6,72/22,4=0,3 (mol).
BTKL: 65nZn+56nFe=29,8 (1).
BTe: 2nZn+(8/3)nFe=2nO \(\Leftrightarrow\) 6nZn+8nFe=3,6 (2).
Giải hệ phương trình gồm (1) và (2), ta suy ra nZn=0,2 (mol) và nFe=0,3 (mol).
Phần trăm khối lượng mỗi kim loại trong hỗn hợp ban đầu:
%mZn=0,2.65/29,8\(\approx\)43,62% \(\Rightarrow\) %mFe\(\approx\)100%-43,62%\(\approx\)56,38%.
Số mol HCl cần dùng để hòa tan hồn hợp ban đầu là:
nHCl=2nZn+2nFe=2.0,2+2.0,3=1 (mol).
Khối lượng dung dịch HCl cần dùng là:
m=1.36,5/3,65%=1000 (g).
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\x_{Ca}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+40y=17,6\\x=2y\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,4\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(m_{Mg}=0,4\cdot24=9,6g\)
\(m_{Ca}=0,2\cdot40=8g\)
b)\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)
\(2Ca+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CaO\)
Từ hai pt: \(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Ca}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,4+\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,2=0,3mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=0,3\cdot32=9,6g\)
\(V_{O_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72l\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{kk}=5V_{O_2}=5\cdot6,72=33,6l\)
a)
Có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24.n_{Mg}+40.n_{Ca}=17,6\\n_{Mg}=2.n_{Ca}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ca}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Ca}=0,2.40=8\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,4.24=9,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
PTHH: 2Ca + O2 --to--> 2CaO
0,2-->0,1
2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
0,4--->0,2
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,2\right).22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{kk}=6,72.5=33,6\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_P=x\\n_S=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_P=31x\\m_S=32y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(4P+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2P_2O_5\)
x 1,25x ( mol )
\(S+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)SO_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}31x+32y=15,6\\1,25x+y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,4\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_P=31.0,4=12,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_S=32.0,1=3,2g\)