Giải PT: \(x^3+3x^2+\sqrt{8x^3-12x^2+6x-1}=6x^2\)
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a.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(9x^2-3x-\left(3x+5\right)-\sqrt{3x+5}=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{3x+5}=t\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow9x^2-3x-t^2-t=0\)
\(\Delta=9+36\left(t^2+t\right)=\left(6t+3\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3+6t+3}{18}=\dfrac{t+1}{3}\\x=\dfrac{3-6t-3}{18}=-\dfrac{t}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=3x-1\\t=-3x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3x+5}=3x-1\left(x\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\\\sqrt{3x+5}=-3x\left(x\le0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x+5=9x^2-6x+1\left(x\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\\3x+5=9x^2\left(x\le0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
c.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-5\)
\(x^2-3x+2-x-5-\sqrt{x+5}=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+5}=t\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow-t^2-t+x^2-3x+2=0\)
\(\Delta=1+4\left(x^2-3x+2\right)=\left(2x-3\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{1+2x-3}{-2}=1-x\\t=\dfrac{1-2x+3}{-2}=x-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+5}=1-x\left(x\le1\right)\\\sqrt{x+5}=x-2\left(x\ge2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+5=x^2-2x+1\left(x\le1\right)\\x+5=x^2-4x+4\left(x\ge2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
a.
\(3\sqrt[3]{3\left(x+1\right)+2}=\left(x+1\right)^3-2\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{3\left(x+1\right)+2}=y\) ta được:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3y=\left(x+1\right)^3-2\\3\left(x+1\right)+2=y^3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3y+2=\left(x+1\right)^3\\3\left(x+1\right)+2=y^3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3-y^3=3y-3\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1-y\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+y\left(x+1\right)+y^2+3\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3=y^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3=3\left(x+1\right)+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3x^2-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)^2=0\)
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow8x^3-\left(6x+1\right)+2x-\sqrt[3]{6x+1}=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=a\\\sqrt[3]{6x+1}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) ta được:
\(a^3-b^3+a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=\sqrt[3]{6x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x^3-6x-1=0\)
Đặt \(f\left(x\right)=8x^3-6x-1\)
\(f\left(x\right)\) là hàm đa thức nên liên tục trên R, đồng thời \(f\left(x\right)\) bậc 3 nên có tối đa 3 nghiệm
\(f\left(-1\right)=-3< 0\) ; \(f\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=1>0\) \(\Rightarrow f\left(-1\right).f\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) có 1 nghiệm thuộc \(\left(-1;-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\) (1)
\(f\left(0\right)=-1\Rightarrow f\left(0\right).f\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)< 0\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) có 1 nghiệm thuộc \(\left(-\dfrac{1}{2};0\right)\) (2)
\(f\left(1\right)=1\Rightarrow f\left(0\right).f\left(1\right)< 0\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) có 1 nghiệm thuộc \(\left(0;1\right)\) (3)
Từ (1);(2);(3) \(\Rightarrow\) cả 3 nghiệm của \(f\left(x\right)\) đều thuộc \(\left(-1;1\right)\)
Do đó, ta chỉ cần tìm nghiệm của \(f\left(x\right)\) với \(x\in\left(-1;1\right)\)
Do \(x\in\left(-1;1\right)\), đặt \(x=cosu\)
\(\Rightarrow8cos^3u-6cosu-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(4cos^3u-3cosu\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos3u=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos3u=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3u=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\\3u=-\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{\pi}{9}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\\u=-\dfrac{\pi}{9}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy nghiệm của pt là: \(x=cosu=\left\{cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{9}\right);cos\left(\dfrac{5\pi}{9}\right);cos\left(\dfrac{7\pi}{9}\right)\right\}\)
câu a:
\(8x^2-6x+3-2x=\left(2x-1\right)\sqrt{8x^2-6x+3}\)
đặt \(t=\sqrt{8x^2-6x+3}\Leftrightarrow t^2=8x^2-6x+3\)phương trình trở thành
\(t^2-2x=\left(2x-1\right)t\Leftrightarrow t^2-\left(2x-1\right)t-2x=0\)
có \(\Delta=\left(2x-1\right)^2+8x=\left(2x+1\right)^2\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}t=-1\\t=2x\end{cases}}\)
- \(t=-1\Rightarrow8x^2-6x+3=1\Leftrightarrow8x^2-6x+2=0VN\)
- \(t=2x\Rightarrow8x^2-6x+3=4x^2\Leftrightarrow4x^2-6x+3=0VN\)
Câu b:
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2+1}\Leftrightarrow t^2=x^2+1\left(t>0\right)\)
PT\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-\left(x+3\right)t+3x=0\)
có :\(\Delta=\left(x+3\right)^2-4.3x=\left(x-3\right)^2\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}t=3\\t=x\end{cases}}\)
- \(t=3\Rightarrow9=x^2+1\Leftrightarrow x^2=8\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\sqrt{2}\\x=-2\sqrt{2}\end{cases}}\)
- \(t=x\Leftrightarrow x^2=x^2+1VN\)
a: \(x^3+8x=5x^2+4\)
=>\(x^3-5x^2+8x-4=0\)
=>\(x^3-x^2-4x^2+4x+4x-4=0\)
=>\(x^2\left(x-1\right)-4x\left(x-1\right)+4\left(x-1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\\left(x-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
2: \(x^3+3x^2=x+6\)
=>\(x^3+3x^2-x-6=0\)
=>\(x^3+2x^2+x^2+2x-3x-6=0\)
=>\(x^2\cdot\left(x+2\right)+x\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x+2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+x-3\right)=0\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=0\\x^2+x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{13}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{13}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3: ĐKXĐ: x>=0
\(2x+3\sqrt{x}=1\)
=>\(2x+3\sqrt{x}-1=0\)
=>\(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+2\cdot\sqrt{x}\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{9}{16}-\dfrac{17}{16}=0\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2=\dfrac{17}{16}\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{3}{4}=-\dfrac{\sqrt{17}}{4}\\\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{\sqrt{17}}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{\sqrt{17}-3}{4}\left(nhận\right)\\\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{-\sqrt{17}-3}{4}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(x=\dfrac{13-3\sqrt{17}}{8}\left(nhận\right)\)
4: \(x^4+4x^2+1=3x^3+3x\)
=>\(x^4-3x^3+4x^2-3x+1=0\)
=>\(x^4-x^3-2x^3+2x^2+2x^2-2x-x+1=0\)
=>\(x^3\left(x-1\right)-2x^2\left(x-1\right)+2x\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3-2x^2+2x-1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3-x^2-x^2+x+x-1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-1\right)^2\cdot\left(x^2-x+1\right)=0\)
=>(x-1)^2=0
=>x-1=0
=>x=1
a.
\(x^3+8x=5x^2+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-5x^2+8x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3-4x^2+4x\right)-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
\(x^3+3x^2-x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+x^2-3x\right)+\left(2x^2+2x-6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2+x-3\right)+2\left(x^2+x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=\dfrac{-1\pm\sqrt{13}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt a=…b=…; tìm các hệ thức liên hệ vế trái vế phải
Chú ý: đ. Kiện, h.đ.thức, vi et...
Rút, thế....v.v...
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{\left(2x^2+3x+2\right)}+\sqrt[3]{\left(x^2+3x+3\right)}=6x^2+12x+8\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{\left(2x^2+3x+2\right)}+\sqrt[3]{\left(x^2+3x+3\right)}-6x^2-12x-8=0\)
=>x=-1
a: Sửa đề: \(M=3x-\sqrt[3]{27x^3+27x^2+9x+1}\)
\(=3x-\sqrt[3]{\left(3x\right)^3+3\cdot\left(3x\right)^2\cdot1+3\cdot3x\cdot1^2+1^3}\)
\(=3x-\sqrt[3]{\left(3x+1\right)^3}\)
\(=3x-3x-1=-1\)
b: \(N=\sqrt[3]{8x^3+12x^2+6x+1}-\sqrt[3]{x^3}\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{\left(2x\right)^3+3\cdot\left(2x\right)^2\cdot1+3\cdot2x\cdot1^2+1^3}-x\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{\left(2x+1\right)^3}-x\)
=2x+1-x
=x+1
Đề có sai không thế bạn, chỗ \(3x^2\)và \(6x^2\)ấy
nhâm 3x nha sr