CHỨNG TỎ RẰNG:
\(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}+\frac{4}{3^4}+......+\frac{2012}{3^{2012}}<\frac{3}{4}\)
GIÚP TÔI GIẢI CHI TIẾT BÀI NÀY VỚI TÔI ĐANG CẦN GẤP
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c)\(A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+....+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
\(2A=2\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+.....+\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\)
\(2A=2+1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+.....+\frac{1}{2^{2011}}\)
\(2A-A=\left(2+1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+....+\frac{1}{2^{2011}}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+....\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\right)\)
\(A=2-\frac{1}{2^{2012}}\)
1/
A=1/1-1/2+1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+...+1/99-1/100
A=1/1-1/100
Vì 1/100>0
-->1/1-1/100<1
-->A<1
2.
\(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{5.6}+...+\frac{1}{2015.2016}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{2015}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2016}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2016}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2016}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2016}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{1008}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{1009}+\frac{1}{1010}+\frac{1}{1011}+...+\frac{1}{2016}\)
A=\(\frac{1+\frac{2011}{2}+1+\frac{2010}{3}+1+...+\frac{1}{2012}+1+1}{\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
A=\(\frac{\frac{2013}{2}+\frac{2013}{3}+...+\frac{2013}{2012}+\frac{2013}{2013}}{\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
A=\(\frac{2013\left(\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2013}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
A=2013
Mà 2013: 3 = 671
Vậy A : 3 dư 0 hay\(A⋮3\)
Xét dạng tổng quát: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}.\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\sqrt{n}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Thay vào đề bài ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2013\sqrt{2012}}\)
\(< 2.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2012}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)\)
\(< 2.\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)\)
\(< 2.\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2013}}\right)< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Xét tử:
\(2012+\frac{2011}{2}+\frac{2010}{3}+\frac{2009}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2012}\)
= \(\left(1+\frac{2011}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2010}{3}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{1}{2012}\right)+1\)
= \(\frac{2013}{2}+\frac{2013}{3}+...+\frac{2013}{2012}+\frac{2013}{2013}\)
= \(2013\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2013}\right)\)
Thay vào ta có:
A = \(\frac{2013\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{2013}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
=> A = 2013
Mà 2013 chia hết cho 3
=> A chia hết cho 3