Cho tam giacs ABC có \(^2a=\frac{b^3+c^3-a^3}{b+c-a}\) va a=2bcosC. Chưng minh tam giác ABC đều
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a=b=c=1 suy ra Tam giác ABC là tam giác đều vì có độ dài 3 canh = nhau .
thực hiện trừ 2 vế ta (vế trái cho vế phải) ta được
(a+b+c).(a^2+b^2+c^2 -ab-bc-ca)=0
nên hoặc a+b+c=0 hoặc nhân tử còn lại bằng 0
mà a,b,c là 3 cạnh 1 tam giác nên a+b+c>0
vậy a^2+b^2+c^2 -ab-bc-bc-ca=0
đặt đa thức đó bằng A
A=0 nên 2xA=0
phân tích thành hằng đẳng thức ta có (a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2=0
nên a=b=c vậy là tam giác đều
Lời giải:
$a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3-3abc=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3+c^3-3ab(a+b+c)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2]-3ab(a+b+c)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)=0$
Hiển nhiên $a+b+c>0$ với mọi $a,b,c$ là độ dài 3 cạnh tam giác.
$\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$
Do mỗi số $(a-b)^2; (b-c)^2; (c-a)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $a,b,c>0$.
$\Rightarrow$ để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì:
$(a-b)^2=(b-c)^2=(c-a)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow a=b=c$
$\Rightarrow ABC$ là tam giác đều.
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Ta có \(S=\dfrac{abc}{4R}=pr=\sqrt{p\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow S^2=\dfrac{abcpr}{4R}=p\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2r}{R}=\dfrac{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)}{abc}\)
Theo giả thiết \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}+\dfrac{2r}{R}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}+\dfrac{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)}{abc}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)=4abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+c^2a+ca^2=6abc\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+c^2a+ca^2\ge6abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) đúng
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta ABC\) đều
ta có \(a^2=\frac{b^3+c^3-a^3}{b+c-a}\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(b+c\right)-a^3=b^3+c^3-a^3\Leftrightarrow a^2=\frac{b^3+c^3}{b+3}\)
hay \(a^2=b^2-bc+c^2\)
mà theo địnkh lý cosin trong tam giác ta có \(a^2=b^2-2.bc.cos\left(A\right)+c^2\Rightarrow cos\left(A\right)=\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow A=60^0\)
ta có \(a=2b.cos\left(C\right)=2b.\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}\Leftrightarrow a^2=a^2+b^2-c^2\Leftrightarrow b=c\)
vì vậy ABC cân tại A mà lại có A=60 độ nên ABC đều