Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của
a, A = \(\dfrac{2x^3+4}{x}\) (x > 0)
b, B = \(\dfrac{x^4+3}{x}\) (x >0)
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`A=(9(x-2)+18)/(2-x)+2/x`
`=-9+18/(2-x)+2/x`
`=-9+2(9/(2-x)+1/x)`
Áp dụng bđt cosi-schwarts ta có:
`9/(2-x)+1/x>=(3+1)^2/(2-x+x)=8`
`=>A>=16-9=7`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `3/(2-x)=1/x`
`<=>3x=2-x`
`<=>4x=2<=>x=1/2(tm)`
b
`y=x/(1-x)+5/x`
`=(x-1+1)/(1-x)+5/x`
`=1/(1-x)+5/x-1`
Áp dụng cosi-schwarts ta có:
`1/(1-x)+5/x>=(1+sqrt5)^2/(1-x+x)=(1+sqrt5)^2=6+2sqrt5`
`=>y>=5+2sqrt5`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `1/(1-x)=sqrt5/x`
`<=>x=sqrt5-sqrt5x`
`<=>x(1+sqrt5)=sqrt5`
`<=>x=sqrt5/(sqrt5+1)=(sqrt5(sqrt5-1))/(5-1)=(5-sqrt5)/4`
`c)C=2/(1-x)+1/x`
Áp dụng bđt cosi schwarts ta có:
`C>=(sqrt2+1)^2/(1-x+x)=3+2sqrt2`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `sqrt2/(1-x)=1/x`
`<=>sqrt2x=1-x`
`<=>x(sqrt2+1)=1`
`<=>x=1/(sqrt2+1)=(sqrt2-1)/(2-1)=sqrt2-1`
a) \(A=x^2-6x+10=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+1=\left(x-3\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=3\). \(min_A=1\)
b) \(B=3x^2+x-2=3\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{3}x-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)=3\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{3}x+\dfrac{1}{36}-\dfrac{25}{36}\right)=3\left(x+\dfrac{1}{6}\right)^2-\dfrac{25}{12}\ge\dfrac{-25}{12}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{6}\). \(min_B=\dfrac{-25}{12}\)
c) \(C=\dfrac{4}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x}-1=\left(\dfrac{4}{x^2}-\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)-\dfrac{25}{16}=\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2-\dfrac{25}{16}\ge\dfrac{-25}{16}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=-3\). \(min_C=\dfrac{-25}{16}\)
d) \(D=x^2+y^2-x+3y+7=\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(y^2+3y+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)+\dfrac{9}{2}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{2}\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{-3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\). \(min_D=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
a) Ta có: \(B=\left(\dfrac{x+3\sqrt{x}-3}{x-16}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+4}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-4}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{x+3\sqrt{x}-3-\sqrt{x}+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}+4\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-4\right)}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}-4}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+4\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-4\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-4}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+4}\)
Bài làm :
1) Khi x=9 ; giá trị của A là :
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{9}}{\sqrt{9}+2}=\frac{3}{3+2}=\frac{3}{5}\)
2) Ta có :
\(B=...\)
\(=\frac{x}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}+\frac{1.\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}+\frac{1.\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x+2}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x+\sqrt{x}+2+\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
3) Ta có :
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+2}\div\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}=\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\sqrt{x}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+2}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+2-4}{\sqrt{x}+2}=1-\frac{4}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)
Xét :
\(\frac{A}{B}+1=\frac{4}{\sqrt{x+2}}>0\Rightarrow\frac{A}{B}>-1\)
=> Điều phải chứng minh
1, thay x=9(TMĐKXĐ) vào A ta đk:
A=\(\dfrac{\sqrt{9}}{\sqrt{9}-2}=3\)
vậy khi x=9 thì A =3
2,với x>0,x≠4 ta đk:
B=\(\dfrac{x}{x-4}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+2}=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}+2+\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}=\dfrac{x+2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
vậy B=\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
3,\(\dfrac{A}{B}>-1\) (x>0,x≠4)
⇒\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+2}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}>-1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+2}.\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}}>-1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}+2}>-1\)
⇒\(\sqrt{x}-2>-1\) (vì \(\sqrt{x}+2>0\))
⇔\(\sqrt{x}>1\)⇔x=1 (TM)
vậy x=1 thì \(\dfrac{A}{B}>-1\) với x>0 và x≠4
\(A=2x^2+\dfrac{4}{x}=2x^2+\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{2}{x}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{8x^2}{x^2}}=6\)
\(A_{min}=6\) khi \(x=1\)
\(B=x^3+\dfrac{3}{x}=x^3+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{x^3}{x^3}}=4\)
\(B_{min}=4\) khi \(x=1\)