Cho a,b,,d là các số tự nhiên đối một khác nhau thỏa mãn điều kiện
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}\)+\(\dfrac{b}{b+c}\)+\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)+\(\dfrac{d}{d+a}\)=\(2\)
Chứng minh rằng ac=bd
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Điều kiện đã cho có thể được viết lại thành \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+d}+\dfrac{d}{d+a}=2\)
hay \(1-\dfrac{a}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+1-\dfrac{c}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{d}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2+bc-ab-b^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{d^2+da-cd-d^2}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-a\right)\left[\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{d}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{d}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}\) (do \(c\ne a\))
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(cd+ca+d^2+da\right)=d\left(ab+ac+b^2+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bcd+abc+bd^2+abd=abd+acd+b^2d+bcd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc+bd^2-acd-b^2d=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac\left(b-d\right)-bd\left(b-d\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(ac-bd\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac=bd\) (do \(b\ne d\))
Do đó \(A=abcd=ac.ac=\left(ac\right)^2\), mà \(a,c\inℕ^∗\) nên A là SCP (đpcm)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2=ac\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\\c^2=bd\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}\left(1\right)\)
Và \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a^2+b+c+d\right)\left(1+b+c+d\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2=16\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+b+c+d}\le\dfrac{1+b+c+d}{16}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^2+c+d+a}\le\dfrac{1+c+d+a}{16}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c^2+d+a+b}\le\dfrac{1+d+a+b}{16}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{d^2+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{16}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{4+3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{16}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
a+b−cc=b+c−aa=c+a−bb
⇒a+b−cc+1=b+c−aa+1=c+a−bb+1
⇒a+bc=b+ca=c+ab
+)Nếu a+b+c=0⇒a+b=−c;b+c=−a;c+a=−b
⇒B=a+ba.c+ac.b+cb=−ca.−bc.−ab=−(abc)abc=−1
Nếu a+b+c≠0
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có
a+bc=b+ca=c+ab=2(a+b+c)a+b+c=2
⇒a+b=2c
b+c=2a
c+a=2b
⇒B=2ca.2bc.2ab=2.2.2=8
Ta có: \(a=b+c\Rightarrow c=a-b\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2+a^2c^2+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^4+a^2b^2-2ab^3+a^4+a^2b^2-2a^3b+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\left|\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{abc}\right|\)
=> Là một số hữu tỉ do a,b,c là số hữu tỉ
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+d}+\dfrac{d}{d+a}=2\)
\(1-\dfrac{a}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+1-\dfrac{c}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\dfrac{b}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{d}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\dfrac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
<=>b(c+d)(d+a)+d(a+b)(b+c)=0 (vì c≠a)
<=>abc-acd+bd2-b2d=0
<=> (b-d)(ac-bd)=0 <=> ac - bd =0 (vì b≠d) <=> ac = bd
Vậy abcd =(ac)(bd)=(ac)2