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Ta có: \(\left|x-2007\right|\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow2\left|x-2007\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left|x-2007\right|+3\ge3\forall x\Rightarrow VT\ge3\forall x\left(1\right)\)
Lại có: \(\left|y-2008\right|\ge0\forall y\)\(\Rightarrow\left|y-2008\right|+2\ge2\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left|y-2008\right|+2}\le2\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{6}{\left|y-2008\right|+2}\le\frac{6}{2}=3\forall y\Rightarrow VP\le3\forall y\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\) ta có: \(VT\ge3\ge VP\) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi
\(VT=VP=3\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2\left|x-2007\right|+3=3\\\frac{6}{\left|y-2008\right|+2}=3\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2\left|x-2007\right|+3=3\\\frac{6}{\left|y-2008\right|+2}=3\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2007\\y=2008\end{cases}}\)
\(y\left(x-1\right)=x^2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-xy+y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)-y\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-y+1\right)=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-1\\x-y+1=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=3\\x-y+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\\x-y+1=-3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-3\\x-y+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-2\right),\left(4;6\right),\left(2;6\right),\left(-2;-2\right)\right\}\)
Ta có \(y\left(x-1\right)=x^2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-1\right)-x^2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-1\right)-x^2+1=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-1\right)-\left(x^2-1\right)=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-x-1\right)=3\)
Vì x,y nguyên nên ta có bảng
| x-1 | 3 | 1 | -1 | -3 |
| y-x-1 | 1 | 3 | -3 | -1 |
| x | 4 | 2 | 0 | -2 |
| y | 6 | 8 | 2 | 4 |
Vậy\(\left(x,y\right)=\left\{\left(4,6\right),\left(2,8\right),\left(0,2\right),\left(-2,4\right)\right\}\)thỏa mãn
Bài 1 :
Phương trình <=> 2x . x2 = ( 3y + 1 ) 2 + 15
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}3y+1\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\\15\equiv0\left(mod3\right)\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left(3y+1\right)^2+15\equiv1\left(mod3\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x.x^2\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow x^2\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\)
( Vì số chính phương chia 3 dư 0 hoặc 1 )
\(\Rightarrow2^x\equiv1\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow x\equiv2k\left(k\inℕ\right)\)
Vậy \(2^{2k}.\left(2k\right)^2-\left(3y+1\right)^2=15\Leftrightarrow\left(2^k.2.k-3y-1\right).\left(2^k.2k+3y+1\right)=15\)
Vì y ,k \(\inℕ\)nên 2k . 2k + 3y + 1 > 2k .2k - 3y-1>0
Vậy ta có các trường hợp:
\(+\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k-3y-1=1\\2k.2k+3y+1=15\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k=8\\3y+1=7\end{cases}\Rightarrow}k\notinℕ\left(L\right)}\)
\(+,\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k-3y-1=3\\2k.2k+3y+1=5\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2k.2k=4\\3y+1=1\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}k=1\\y=0\end{cases}\left(TM\right)}}\)
Vậy ( x ; y ) =( 2 ; 0 )
Bài 3:
Giả sử \(5^p-2^p=a^m\) \(\left(a;m\inℕ,a,m\ge2\right)\)
Với \(p=2\Rightarrow a^m=21\left(l\right)\)
Với \(p=3\Rightarrow a^m=117\left(l\right)\)
Với \(p>3\)nên p lẻ, ta có
\(5^p-2^p=3\left(5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}\right)\Rightarrow5^p-2^p=3^k\left(1\right)\) \(\left(k\inℕ,k\ge2\right)\)
Mà \(5\equiv2\left(mod3\right)\Rightarrow5^x.2^{p-1-x}\equiv2^{p-1}\left(mod3\right),x=\overline{1,p-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}\equiv p.2^{p-1}\left(mod3\right)\)
Vì p và \(2^{p-1}\)không chia hết cho 3 nên \(5^{p-1}+2.5^{p-2}+...+2^{p-1}⋮̸3\)
Do đó: \(5^p-2^p\ne3^k\), mâu thuẫn với (1). Suy ra giả sử là điều vô lý
\(\rightarrowĐPCM\)