giải phương trình
\(^{x^2-3x=2\sqrt{x-1}-4}\)
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1.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{3+\sqrt{41}}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-1+2\sqrt{x\left(x^2-1\right)}=2x^2-3x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-3-2\sqrt{\left(x^2-x\right)\left(x+1\right)}=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x}=a>0\\\sqrt{x+1}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-3b^2-2ab=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-3b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=3b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-x}=3\sqrt{x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x=9\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\) (bạn tự hoàn thành nhé)
2.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+1}=a\ge0\) pt trở thành:
\(x^3+3\left(x^2-4a^2\right)a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3ax^2-4a^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-a\right)\left(x+2a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=x\\2a=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=x\left(x\ge0\right)\\2\sqrt{x+1}=-x\left(x\le0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=x+1\\x^2=4x+4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x-1=0\\x^2-4x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=2-2\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 4:
Giả sử điều cần chứng minh là đúng
\(\Rightarrow x=y\), thay vào điều kiện ở đề bài, ta được:
\(\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}=\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy điều cần chứng minh là đúng
2) \(\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}+2\sqrt{x+5}=2\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-5}\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)}-2\sqrt{x-4}+2\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{x-4}.\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{x+5}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left(\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}=0\\\sqrt{x-1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}=\sqrt{x+5}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\in\varnothing\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ x = 5
Vậy S = {5}
ĐK: \(-1\le x\le4\)
\(\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{4-x}=t\left(\sqrt{5}\le t\le\sqrt{10}\right)\Rightarrow\sqrt{-x^2+3x+4}=\dfrac{t^2-5}{2}\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow t+\dfrac{t^2-5}{2}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t-15=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-3\right)\left(t+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t=3\left(\text{Vì }\sqrt{5}\le t\le\sqrt{10}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{4-x}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5+2\sqrt{-x^2+3x+4}=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{-x^2+3x+4}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+3x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=3\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $\sqrt[3]{x^2+3x-5}=a; \sqrt[3]{x+2}=b$. Khi đó pt đã cho tương đương với:
$a+b=\sqrt[3]{a^3+b^3-1}+1$
$\Leftrightarrow a+b-1=\sqrt[3]{a^3+b^3-1}$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b-1)^3=a^3+b^3-1$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3-3(a+b)^2+3(a+b)-1=a^3+b^3-1$
$\Leftrightarrow 3ab(a+b)-3(a+b)^2+3(a+b)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow ab(a+b)-(a+b)^2+(a+b)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(ab-a-b+1)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(a-1)(b-1)=0$
Nếu $a+b=0\Leftrightarrow \sqrt[3]{x^2+3x-5}=-\sqrt[3]{x+2}$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-5=-(x+2)$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x-3=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-2\pm \sqrt{7}$
Nếu $a-1=0\Leftrightarrow \sqrt[3]{x^2+3x-5}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-6=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-3\pm \sqrt{33}}{2}$
Nếu $b-1=0\Leftrightarrow \sqrt[3]{x+2}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-1$
\(a,PT\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2+x^2-x\sqrt{3x-2}=0\left(x\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3x+2\right)+\dfrac{x\left(x^2-3x+2\right)}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\left(1+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(1+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}\right)=0\)
Vì \(x\ge\dfrac{2}{3}>0\Leftrightarrow1+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}>0\)
Do đó \(x\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)
\(b,ĐK:0\le x\le4\\ PT\Leftrightarrow x+2\sqrt{x}+1=6\sqrt{x}-3-\sqrt{4-x}\\ \Leftrightarrow x-4\sqrt{x}+4=-\sqrt{4-x}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)^2=-\sqrt{4-x}\)
Vì \(VT\ge0\ge VP\Leftrightarrow VT=VP=0\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-2=0\\\sqrt{4-x}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=4\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm \(x=4\)
\(ĐKXĐ:x\ge1\)
\(x^2-3x=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x-2\sqrt{x-1}+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+1+x^2-4x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x-1\right)-2\sqrt{x-1}+1\right]+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)(1)
Vì \(\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2\ge0\); \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\)Dấu " = " xảy ra
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-1}-1=0\\x-2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-1}=1\\x=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=1\\x=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=2\)( thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ )
Vậy \(x=2\)