Cho 8,4gam sắt (iron) tác dụng hết 50ml dung dịch axit sunfuric (sulfuric acid) a) viết phương trình hóa học b) tính nồng độ mol của dung dịch axit sunfuric (sulfuric acid) đã dùng
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\(a.2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ b.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{20}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,1}=2,5M\\ c.n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,25.142=35,5\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M_{ddH_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
\(C_{M_{ddFeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
Bài 2 :
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,3
\(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.400=40\left(g\right)\)
\(b,V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\)
\(c,C_{M\left(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,15}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
Bài 3 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4.8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
\(m_{MgSO_4}=0,2.120=24\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)
\(c,C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(d,C_{M\left(MgSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
Bài 4 :
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,3 0,45 0,15 0,45
\(V_{H_2}=0,45.24,79=11,1555\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,45.98=44,1\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{44,1}{300}.100\%=14,7\%\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,15.342=51,3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=8,1+300-\left(0,45.2\right)=307,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{51,3}{307,2}.100\%\approx16,7\%\)
Bài 5 :
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,958}{24,79}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(FeCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3=\dfrac{24}{160}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ n_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=400.0,15=60\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{H_2SO_4}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}=3.0,15=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,45}{0,2}=2,25\left(M\right)\\ c,V_{ddsau}=V_{ddH_2SO_4}=0,2\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddFe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75\left(M\right)\)
Sửa đề : 11.2 g sắt
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11.2}{56}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(0.2....0.2.................0.2\)
\(m_{FeSO_4}=0.2\cdot152=30.4\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.05}=4\left(M\right)\)
\(a,n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(b,\) Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(c,n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)
a) $Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
b) Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{Fe} = \dfrac{8,4}{56} = 0,15(mol)$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4}} = \dfrac{0,15}{0,05} = 3M$