CMR: \(\frac{1}{3}\le\frac{x^2+x+1}{x^2-x+1}\le3\)
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Ta có:
\(\frac{2.\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+1}=\frac{2.\left(x^2+1\right)+2x}{x^2+1}=2+\frac{2x}{x^2+1}\)
Ta có:\(2+\frac{2x}{x^2+1}-1=1+\frac{2x}{x^2+1}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+2x+1}{x^2+1}=\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{x^2+1}\ge0\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{2.\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+1}\ge1\)
\(2+\frac{2x}{x^2+1}-3=\frac{2x}{x^2+1}-1=\frac{-x^2+2x-1}{x^2+1}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2+1}\le0\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{2.\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+1}\le3\)
Vậy \(1\le\frac{2.\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^2+1}\le3\)
\(\frac{1}{3}< =\frac{x^2+x+1}{x^2-x+1}\Rightarrow x^2-x+1< =3x^2+3x+3\Rightarrow x^2-x+1-3x^2-3x-3< =0\)
\(\Rightarrow-2x^2-4x-2< =0\Rightarrow-2\left(x^2+2x+1\right)< =0\Rightarrow-2\left(x+1\right)^2< =0\)
vì \(\left(x+1\right)^2>=0;-2< 0\Rightarrow-2\left(x+1\right)^2< =0\)luôn đúng \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3}< =\frac{x^2+x+1}{x^2-x+1}\)luôn dúng (1)
cái kia cx tương tự như vậy nhé
chứng minh \(\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\)
ta có \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+1\ge2x\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x}{1+x^2}\le1\)
\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow y^2+1\ge2y\Leftrightarrow\frac{2y}{1+y^2}\le1\)
\(\left(z-1\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow z^2+1\ge2z\Leftrightarrow\frac{2z}{1+z^2}\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x}{1+x^2}+\frac{2y}{1+y^2}+\frac{2x}{1+z^2}\le3\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
chứng minh \(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có:
\(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}}\)
ta lại có \(\frac{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\)
vậy \(\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\ge\frac{3}{\frac{\left(1+x\right)+\left(1+y\right)+\left(1+z\right)}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
kết hợp ta có \(\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\le\frac{3}{2}\le\frac{1}{1+x}+\frac{1}{1+y}+\frac{1}{1+z}\)
\(\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{1}{z^2+x^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{z^2+x^2}\)
\(=1+\frac{z^2}{x^2+y^2}+1+\frac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}+1+\frac{y^2}{z^2+x^2}\)
\(\le3+\frac{z^2}{2xy}+\frac{x^2}{2yz}+\frac{y^2}{2zx}\)\(=3+\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{2xyz}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Từ gt => \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\sqrt{y}\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\le\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}+\sqrt{2}\sqrt{xy}\left(1\right)\\x\sqrt{x}\le x\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}};y\sqrt{y}\le y\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\Rightarrow x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(x+y\right)\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
Lại có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{xy}\le xy+\frac{1}{4}\\\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{x+y}{2}\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\left(xy+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(3\right)\\\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{\sqrt{2}}{6}\left(x+y\right)\left(4\right)\end{cases}}}\)
Từ (1)(2)(3)(4) ta có:\(x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\le\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(x+y\right)+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\left(xy+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{6}\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\le\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\left(1+x+y+xy\right)\)
=> \(VT=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1+y}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{1+x}=\frac{x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{1+x+y+xy}\le\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
5/ Tưỡng dễ ăn = sos + bđt phụ ai ngờ....hic...
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}-\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b\right)-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ca\left(c-a\right)-bc\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{ca\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}-\frac{ca\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ca\left(c-a\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge0\left(\text{đúng}\right)\)
Ai ngờ nổi khi không dùng BĐT phụ lại dễ hơn cái kia chứ -_-
Từ gt => \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-x\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-y\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\le\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}+\sqrt{2}\sqrt{xy}\left(1\right)\\x\sqrt{x}\le x\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}};y\sqrt{y}\le y\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\Rightarrow x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(x+y\right)\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
Lại có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{xy}\le xy+\frac{1}{4}\\\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{x+y}{2}\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\left(xy+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(3\right)\\\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{\sqrt{2}}{6}\left(x+y\right)\left(4\right)\end{cases}}}\)
Từ (1)(2)(3) và (4) ta có:
\(x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\le\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\left(x+y\right)+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}+\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\left(xy+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{6}\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\le\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\left(1+x+y+xy\right)\)
=> \(VT=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{1+y}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{1+x}=\frac{x\sqrt{x}+y\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{1+x+y+xy}\le\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\cdot\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2x+1>0\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2+4x+2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x^2+3x+3\right)-\left(x^2-x+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2+x+1\right)\ge x^2-x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{x^2+x+1}{x^2-x+1}\ge\frac{1}{3}\) (1)
\(\cdot\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2-4x+2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x^2-3x+3\right)-\left(x^2+x+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2-x+1\right)\ge x^2+x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2+x+1}{x^2-x+1}\le3\)(2)
Từ(1),(2) => đpcm