- cho xyz=1 , x+y+z=\(\frac{1}{x}\)+\(\frac{1}{y}\)\(\frac{1}{z}\).Tinh P=(x19_1)(y5_1)(z1896_1)
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\(A=\frac{x}{xy+x+1}+\frac{y}{yz+y+1}+\frac{z}{zx+z+1}\)
\(A=\frac{xz}{xyz+xz+z}+\frac{yxz}{yz.xz+xyz+xz}+\frac{z}{zx+z+1}\) Thay xyz=1 vào ta được:
\(A=\frac{xz}{xz+z+1}+\frac{1}{z+1+xz}+\frac{z}{zx+z+1}\)
\(A=\frac{zx+z+1}{zx+z+1}=1\)
=> A=1
Ta có:
\(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-xy\ge xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+xyz}\le\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\frac{1}{xy}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+xyz}\le\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\frac{1}{yz}\) ;\(\frac{1}{z^3+x^3+xyz}\le\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\frac{1}{zx}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{z^3+x^3+xyz}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{x+y+z}.\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=\frac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y+z\right)xyz}=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
Dấu \(=\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z>0\)
Có BĐT phụ:
\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\Leftrightarrow a^3-a^2b+b^3-ab^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
Áp dụng
\(\frac{1}{x^3+y^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{y^3+z^3+xyz}+\frac{1}{x^3+z^3+xyz}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}+\frac{1}{yz\left(y+z\right)+xyz}+\frac{1}{zx\left(z+x\right)+xyz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{yz\left(x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{zx\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{xyz}\)
Áp dụng liên tiếp bđt AM-GM cho 2 số dương ta có:
A = \(\left(xyz+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+\)\(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}=\left(xy+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\left(yz+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\)\(\left(xz+\frac{x}{z}\right)+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)\(\ge2\sqrt{xy.\frac{y}{x}}+2\sqrt{yz.\frac{z}{y}}+2\sqrt{xz.\frac{x}{z}}+\)\(+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(A\ge2y+2z+2x+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)\(=x+y+z+\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)+\left(z+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(A\ge x+y+z+2\sqrt{x.\frac{1}{x}}+2\sqrt{y.\frac{1}{y}}+\)\(2\sqrt{z.\frac{1}{z}}=x+y+z+2.3=x+y+z+6\)(đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
từ \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}=1\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y};\frac{1}{z}\right)\rightarrow\left(a,b,c\right)\)\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\)
Thay vào \(\sqrt{x^2+1}\) r` phân tích nhân tử áp dụng C-S là ra :3
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{x-y-z}{x}=\frac{-x+y-z}{y}=\frac{-x-y+z}{z}=\frac{x-y-z-x+y-z-x-y+z}{x+y+z}\)\(=\frac{-\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}\)
Nếu \(x+y+z=0\)thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=-z\\y+z=-x\\z+x=-y\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{y}{x}\right)\left(1+\frac{z}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{x}{z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{x}.\frac{y+z}{y}.\frac{z+x}{z}\)
\(=\frac{-z}{x}.\frac{-x}{y}.\frac{-y}{z}=-1\)
Nếu \(x+y+z\ne0\)thì \(\frac{x-y-z}{x}=\frac{-x+y-z}{y}=\frac{-x-y+z}{z}=-1\)
suy ra: \(\frac{x-y-z}{x}=-1\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(x-y-z=-x\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(y+z=2x\)
\(\frac{-x+y-z}{y}=-1\) \(-x+y-z=-y\) \(x+z=2y\)
\(\frac{-x-y+z}{z}=-1\) \(-x-y+z=-z\) \(x+y=2z\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{y}{x}\right)\left(1+\frac{z}{y}\right)\left(1+\frac{x}{z}\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{x}.\frac{y+z}{y}.\frac{x+z}{z}\)
\(=\frac{2z}{x}.\frac{2x}{y}.\frac{2y}{z}=8\)
Nhân cả 2 vế với xyz bất đẳng thức sẽ thành yz+ xz+xy+yz\(\sqrt{1+x^2}\)+xz\(\sqrt{1+y^2}+xy\sqrt{1+z^2}\le x^2y^2z^2\)
Ta có yz\(\sqrt{1+x^2}=\sqrt{yz}.\sqrt{yz+x^2yz}=\sqrt{yz}.\sqrt{yz+x\left(x+y+z\right)}=\)\(\sqrt{yz}.\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)\(\le\)\(yz+\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{4}\)(2ab\(\le a^2+b^2\))
làm tương tự ta được xz\(\sqrt{1+x^2}\le xz+\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}{4};xy\sqrt{1+z^2}\le xy+\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{4}.\)
vế trái \(\le\) 2(xy+yz+zx) + \(\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)+\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}{4}\)\(\le2.\frac{1}{3}.\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+y+z+z+x\right)^2}{4}=\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2y^2z^2.\)
[ (a-b)2 +(b-c)2 +(c-a)2 \(\ge0\)<=>\(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\) áp dụng vào trên)
dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=y=z \(\sqrt{3}\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow x=\frac{x+y+z}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{x^2+xy+xz}{yz}\Rightarrow x^2+1=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}}\le\frac{\frac{x+y}{y}+\frac{x+z}{z}}{2}=1+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}\le\frac{2+\frac{x}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}{x}=\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}\le\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\); \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{1+x^2}}{x}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+y^2}}{y}+\frac{1+\sqrt{1+z^2}}{z}\le3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3.\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}\)\(\le3.\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{xyz}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xyz}=\frac{\left(xyz\right)^2}{xyz}=xyz\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
Ta có:
\(x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x+y+z=\frac{xy+yz+xz}{xyz}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x+y+z=xy+yz+xz\) ( do \(xyz=1\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x+y+z-xy-yz-xz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(xyz-xy-yz-xz+x+y+z-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(xy\left(z-1\right)-y\left(z-1\right)-x\left(z-1\right)+z-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(z-1\right)\left(xy-y-x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(x=1\) hoặc \(y=1\) hoặc \(z=1\)
+) Với \(x=1\) thì \(P=\left(1^{19}-1\right)\left(y^5-1\right)\left(z^{1896}-1\right)=0\)
Tương tự với \(y=1\) \(;\) \(z=1\) , ta cũng có \(P=0\)