Cho các số thực dương x,y,z thỏa mãn x(x+1)+y(y+1)+z(z+1) <=18
Tìm GTNN của biểu thức \(B=\frac{1}{x+y+1}+\frac{1}{y+z+1}+\frac{1}{z+x+1}\)
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Đặt \(A=x+y+z+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x+y+z+\dfrac{9}{9x}+\dfrac{9}{9y}+\dfrac{9}{9z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x+y+z+\dfrac{1}{9x}+\dfrac{8}{9x}+\dfrac{1}{9y}+\dfrac{8}{9y}+\dfrac{1}{9z}+\dfrac{8}{9z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{9x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{9y}\right)+\left(z+\dfrac{1}{9z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{8}{9x}+\dfrac{8}{9y}+\dfrac{8}{9z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{9x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{9y}\right)+\left(z+\dfrac{1}{9z}\right)+\dfrac{8}{9}.\left(\dfrac{1^2}{x}+\dfrac{1^2}{y}+\dfrac{1^2}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{x.\dfrac{1}{9x}}+2\sqrt{y.\dfrac{1}{9y}}+2\sqrt{z.\dfrac{1}{9z}}+\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{3^2}{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2.\dfrac{1}{3}.3+8=2+8=10\)
Vậy ta có BĐT cần chứng minh.
Dấu\("="\) xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta cần chứng minh:\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\)
Mặt khác, ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(\left(x+y+xy\right)+\left(y+z+yz\right)+\left(z+x+zx\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(6+xy+yz+zx\right)\)Lại có:
\(xy+yz+zx\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{9}{3}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\right)^2\le3\left(6+3\right)=27\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}\le3\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}+\sqrt{y+z+yz}+\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\dfrac{9}{3\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Do đó \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+y+xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y+z+yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z+x+zx}}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\).
\(x,y,z>0\)
Áp dụng BĐT Caushy cho 3 số ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3y^3z^3}=3xyz\ge3.1=3\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^3-1}{x^2+y+z}+\dfrac{y^3-1}{x+y^2+z}+\dfrac{z^3-1}{x+y+z^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(y^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(z^3-1\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z^2\right)\left(x^3-1\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Caushy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3-3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(3-3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y+z\right)\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)+\left(x+y^2+z\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}=0\)
\(P=0\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=0\)
\(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=2020\)
BĐT trở thành:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le\dfrac{2020.2021}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}+a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le\dfrac{2020.2021}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le\dfrac{2020^2}{abc}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{2020+a^2}=\sqrt{ab+bc+ca+a^2}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2a+b+c\right)\)
Tương tự:...
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c+\sqrt{2020+a^2}+\sqrt{2020+b^2}+\sqrt{2020+c^2}\le3\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(3\left(a+b+c\right)\le\dfrac{2020^2}{abc}=\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (hiển nhiên đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\) hay \(x=y=z\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{z}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{z}\left(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\right)=\dfrac{4}{z\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{16}{\left(z+x+y\right)^2}\ge16\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{x+1}{y^2+1}=\left(x+1\right).\frac{1}{y^2+1}=\left(x+1\right)\left(1-\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(x+1\right)\left(1-\frac{y^2}{2y}\right)=x+1-\frac{y\left(x+1\right)}{2}\)
Thiết lập hai BĐT còn lại tương tự và cộng theo vế:
\(P\ge\left(x+y+z+3\right)-\frac{x\left(z+1\right)+y\left(x+1\right)+z\left(y+1\right)}{2}\)
\(=6-\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}\) (*)
Lại có BĐT \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
Thật vậy,ta có: BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\ge3ab+3bc+3ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Thay vào (*),ta có: \(P\ge6-\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}\)
\(\ge6-\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+3}{2}=6-\frac{3+3}{2}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=z^2=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{xy+xz}=\dfrac{4}{x\left(y+z\right)}\)(1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :
\(x\left(y+z\right)\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{4}=4\)=> \(\dfrac{1}{x\left(y+z\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)=> \(\dfrac{4}{x\left(y+z\right)}\ge1\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\ge\dfrac{4}{x\left(y+z\right)}\ge1\)=> \(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\ge1\)(đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x = 2 ; y = z = 1
\(P=\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}\)
\(\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{xyz\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}}\)
Mà theo BĐT AM - GM ta có tiếp:
\(xyz\le\left(\frac{x+y+z}{3}\right)^3=1\)
\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)\le\left(\frac{x+y+z+3}{3}\right)^3=8\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại x=y=z=1
Vậy..................
x(x+1)+y(y+1)+z(z+1) \(\le18\)
<=> \(x^2+y^2+z^2+\left(x+y+z\right)\le18\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow54\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2+3\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-9\le x+y+z\le6\)
\(\Rightarrow0\le x+y+z\le6\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x+y+1}+\frac{x+y+1}{25}\ge\frac{2}{5}\\\frac{1}{y+z+1}+\frac{y+z+1}{25}\ge\frac{2}{5}\\\frac{1}{z+x+1}+\frac{z+x+1}{25}\ge\frac{2}{5}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow B+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)+3}{25}\ge\frac{6}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge\frac{27}{25}-\frac{2}{25}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{15}{25}=\frac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z>0;x+y+z=6\\\left(x+y+1\right)^2=\left(y+z+1\right)^2=\left(z+x+1\right)^2=25\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=2}\)
vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất cho B=3/5 khi x=y=z=2
Hai Ngox Xem laị từ dòng thứ 2 và dòng thứ 3 xuống dưới. Nhiều lỗi quá!