Cho 2,4 gam magie tác dụng với 245 gam dung dịch H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) 10 %
a, Tính thể tích khí hidro thu được ( ở đktc )
b, Tính khối lượng muối MgSO\(_4\) thu được sau phản ứng
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\(a)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ 0,2\leftarrow-0,3\leftarrow-0,1\leftarrow---0,3\)
\(a=m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\\ b)m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2g\\ c)C_{\%H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{100}\cdot100=29,4\%\)
a)nH2=22,46,72=0,3mol2Al+3H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3H20,2←−0,3←−0,1←−−−0,3
\(nMg=\dfrac{12}{24}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(nH_2SO_4=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
1 1 1 1 (mol)
0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 (mol)
LTL : 0,5/1 > 0,3/1
=> Mg dư , H2SO4 đủ
\(VH_2=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
m muối là mMgSO4
=> \(m\left(muối\right)=mMgSO_4=0,3.120=36\left(g\right)\)
a, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=36,5.15\%=5,475\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{5,475}{36,5}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{2}\), ta được Mg dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{Mg\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,075=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,025.24=0,6\left(g\right)\)
c, - Cách 1:
\(n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,075\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,075.95=7,125\left(g\right)\)
- Cách 2:
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: mMg (pư) + mHCl = mMgCl2 + mH2
⇒ mMgCl2 = 2,4 - 0,6 + 5,475 - 0,075.2 = 7,125 (g)
\(Pt: 2Al+3H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pt: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=a=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b.n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2g\)
\(c.\)Theo pt: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.98=29,4g\)
\(C_{\%}H_2SO_4=\dfrac{29,4}{100}.100\%=29,4\%\)
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
_____0,1--->0,2------->0,1---->0,1
=> mHCl = 0,2.36,5 = 7,3(g)
b) mMgCl2 = 0,1.95 = 9,5 (g)
c) VH2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(l)
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
_____0,1--->0,2------->0,1---->0,1
=> mHCl = 0,2.36,5 = 7,3(g)
b) mMgCl2 = 0,1.95 = 9,5 (g)
c) VH2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(l)
Bài 1 :
\(2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow{t^o} K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2 + O_2\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4} = \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{47,4}{158} = 0,15(mol)\\ 3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ n_{Fe_3O_4} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2} = 0,075(mol)\\ m_{Fe_3O_4} = 0,075.232 = 17,4(gam)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2}=1,5.2=3\left(g\right)\)
PTHH : 2Al + H2SO4 -> Al2SO4 + H2
Theo ĐLBTKL
\(m_{Al}+m_{H_2SO_4}=m_{Al_2SO_4}+m_{H_2}\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(171+3\right)-2,7=171,3\left(g\right)\)
pthh: 2Al+3H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)→Al\(_2\)(SO4)\(_3\)+3H\(_2\)↑
nH\(_2=33,6:22,4=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH_2=1,5.2=3\left(g\right)\)
\(nAl_2\left(SO_4\right)=171:150=1,14\left(mol\right)\)
\(mAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3=1,14.342=389,88\left(g\right)\)
BTKL : mAl + mH\(_2\)SO\(_4\) = m Al\(_2\)(SO4)\(_3\) + m H\(_2\)
2,7 + mH\(_2\)SO\(_4\) = 389,88 + 3
=> \(mH_2SO_4=\left(389,88+3\right)-2,7=390,18\left(g\right)\)
a)
\(Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = n_{Mg} = \dfrac{3,6}{24} = 0,15(mol)\\ b)\\ CuO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O\\ n_{Cu} = n_{H_2} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu} = 0,15.64 = 9,6(gam)\)