Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the question. If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.
If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn't forget the plants, without whose prior invasion of the land, none of the other migrations could have happened.
Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thoroughgoing land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs. Whales [including the small whales we call dolphins] and dugongs, with their close cousins, the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don't even come ashore to breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches.
There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Palaeochersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modern turtles and tortoise. You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived in land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it's obvious. lchthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little less obvious. One way to tell is by
measuring the bones of their forelimbs.
According to the first paragraph, reptiles, birds, mammals and insects__________
A. were the ones living on the marine organisms.
B. moved to deserts to find feeding grounds.
C. left the water at the same time of scorpions, snails and crustaceans.
D. are the species whose ancestors succeeded in moving from water to land.
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The biggest animals on land or sea is the (1)...................The Indians of the seacoast, in their little boats, went out to (2).....................whale for meat and oil. The Indians were able to find the whales because the whales have to come to the top of the water to (3)......................The whales have to do this because they are not fish but (4).......................
A fish can get air (5)...........the water. But a mammal cannot get air in water. Whales can take huge breaths into their (6)....................., and can stay under water for fifteen minutes or more. But they must come up at last.
The Indian hunters, watching for a whale to come to the top, could see the telltale spout, and would go (7)..................the whale. When the hunt was over, the whale was pulled to the (8)................Then there was a huge feast of whale meat (9).................everybody. After that they all went to work, cutting huge chunks of whale (10)....................and cooking it down to oil.
1. A. sea-dog B. sea-lion c. whale D. dolphin
2. A. look for B. hunt C. watch D. cast out
3. A breathe B. look C. rest D. lie
4. A animals B. big fish C. mammals D. shelled animals
5. A. on B. from C. of D. near
6. A. chests B. stomaches C. hearts D. lungs
7. A. before B. behind C. beside D. after
8. A. sea B. shore C. land D. hill
9. A. for B. with C. to D. from
10. A. bone B. meat C. fat D. skin